like不能用于举例子，杀BE
D、while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution的表达实在是太redundancy了，而且while if substituted 的动作发出者应该是 fertilizers，而不是usage
C、篡改句意，substitutions 指的是traditional的
A 在常客和生客身上的效果一样，无关
B 取反后的意思是，在账单上看到thank you看多了以后，顾客给小费的习惯会退回到之前的习惯，就是不给消费了。取反之后会削弱，所以是答案。
C thank you的心理作用，无关。
D 给消费的概率跟餐馆贵不贵无关。题目中没有提到餐厅是什么样子的。
E 几乎所有的常客都给了更多的小费。跟是不是所有的常客没有关系。
摘自曼哈顿论坛： A bit of a red herring - you could technically construct the sentence correctly either way. I'd prefer the "an increase in their use" however because that emphasizes the distinction I'm trying to make - the key point is the increase, and this is emphasized by making "the increase" the subject. But I'd go look for other, more definitive grammar errors first before deciding on this.
Luci correctly points out a distinction between "such as" and "like" in the answers. Such as means "for example" - like means "similar to." (In everyday spoken language, people use "like" as the default now - but that's grammatically incorrect.) Eliminate B and E. (B also has a pronoun error - "it" refers to a plural noun.)
C messes up the contrast I want to make by starting with "if these fertilizers." Also generally kind of awkward / wordy, but only use that as a tiebreak.
The problem with D lies at the end of the choice: "while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution..." Notice the first part of that, before the comma - it never actually mentions what is being substituted, either via a noun or pronoun. This is a modifying clause. The modifier is meant to modify "synthetic fertilizers" which is a noun, so this is a noun modifier - and noun modifiers must touch the noun they modify. But "this substitution" follows the comma, not "synthetic fertilizers" (or some other noun or pronoun that refers to synthetic fertilizers). No good. Eliminate D.
Which leaves us with A. Notice that A doesn't sound particularly good. But there's nothing grammatically wrong with it... It's not uncommon for A to sound not-so-good when it is the right answer - otherwise, how would they get someone to cross off A when it's right, especially on a hard question?
Comma+participle" can modify the subject of the previous main clause. This sort of modifier should actually satisfy TWO requirements:
1) it should apply most nearly to the subject of the preceding clause (as you've said); and, even more importantly,
2) it should have one of the following RELATIONSHIPS to that clause:
* immediate consequence
* simultaneous, but lower-priority, action
here, this modifier doesn't have either of these 2 relationships to the main clause, so it's used inappropriately.
when we say "immediate consequence, we mean a consequence that is proximate, immediate, and produced as an essentially unavoidable result of the main action. for instance:
the bullet entered Smith's brain, killing him instantly --> this is an immediate and automatic consequence; if the bullet does this, then smith will be killed.
John scored 90 on the most recent test, raising his overall average by two points --> again, an immediate and automatic consequence; if john gets this score, there will automatically be the stated consequence for his average.
in the problem at hand, drawing new conclusions is not an automatic and essentially unavoidable consequence of amassing the knowledge in question; the researchers must actively go beyond just amassing the knowledge to draw those conclusions.
B lake has rivers, 语义错误
C it错误
D while错误，while要么表示时间，要么表示转折，题目里头没有这个关系
E lake, more than all the lakes combined, 从其他选项可以看出，是湖水和all the lakes combined做比较，不能是lake本身去跟all the lakes combined 做比较。
due to只能修饰名词，or = caused by
D、具体时间点不用过去完成时，过去完成时必须强调时间的先后逻辑关系，而 in the 1920's 放在句首修饰整个句子
C、having been现在完成时出现在过去时间点，改变句子意思
B、redundancy，关键是句子重心变化
A、employing的动作发出者不应该是jobs
AB中的 in the 1920's 修饰对象存在歧义
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题目：HDL 增加 --> choleserol降低。some individuals 可以通过运动显著增加HDL。所以结论只能是运动和choleserol之间的关系，而且只是some individuals。
A 太瘦的人没有风险。跟胖瘦无关，且语气绝对。
B 不运动的在晚年高胆固醇的风险比较高。跟在不在晚年没有关系。
C 是最有效的方法。没说是不是最有效
E 是唯一的方法。没说是唯一的方法
D 某些人通过运动可以降低胆固醇。 对的