in the construction "it is (adjective) for XXXX to (verb)", the adjective describes what XXXX experience(s) in trying to (verb).
e.g.,
This book is hard for me to read.
(I experience difficulty in reading this book.)
It is difficult for Liz to talk to her ex-husband.
(liz has trouble talking to her ex. we don't know whether the converse is true.)
so, choice E is saying that the appliances themselves have to spend a lot of money "to be bought on credit". well, that doesn't make any sense.
also，even if your knowledge of these constructions is nil, you should still be able to kill E because it's so terribly wordy and clunky, as compared to the other choices.
(no, wordiness is not an actual error... but the correct answers are NEVER more wordy / less efficient than the incorrect answers. thus, you can still use differences in wordiness as viable criteria for elimination.)
1.idiom:between...and....，AB的with错
2.idiom:词组，not so much...as....，ABE错
3.平行，not so much in...but in...，前后应该都是用介词in，B错
4.措辞，这里应该用lie（位于）而不是lay（下蛋），AE错
5.idiom：difference from和difference/distinction between A and B，
D错，没有distinction from
补充：
lie / lay做动词时用法说明
lie为不及物动词；lay为及物动词。
lie : 1.lie - lied - lied 撒谎
2.lie - lay - lain 躺着；平放
lay : lay - laid - laid 产卵，下蛋；放，搁
The long dash is used to indicate an example or an aside. Eliminate C,D and E.
Then, between A and B, only A follows parallelism. "Archaeologists have excavated a hull that is X and that represents Y." Only A does that correctly.
树木生长的速度被认为是地球上太阳黑子周期最可靠的迹象之一the rate at which trees grow is believed to be among the surest indications of sunspot cycles.
(A) among倒装，主语应该是the rate，所以应该用单数is。
(B) among倒装，主语应该是the rate，所以应该用单数is；tree应该用复数，使未划线部分的their有 一致的指代对象。
(C) on earth 放置句首修饰整个句子，不符合逻辑；their 的指代存在歧义，离它最近的是 sunspot cycles，未划线部分的 as seen 应该要紧跟其修饰的名词。
(D) tree应该用复数，使未划线部分的their有一致的指代对象；谓语结构不完整，应该用is believed被动语态。
(E) 正确，on Earth修饰indications，主语是the rate，谓语动词用单数is。
ACDE看起来都像有歧义会修饰到Jupiter，但是ABE有as…as硬伤，因此只能在CD当中选。而，which更容易理解成就近修饰，而且用法还错了，如果修饰jupiter的话要用circles；而circling可以看作也是massive planets的修饰成分，与most of them共同修饰massive planets
D.E，mostly作为副词，“主要地，通常地，多半地”，prep07上的解释是修饰错误，以为副词不能修饰名词
C.circling在这里不存在伴随的歧义，伴随一般是指伴随动作，因为本句唯一的句子是天文学家detected...，若认为伴随是不可的，逻辑主语就成了astronomers，逻辑错误；此处circling作定语修饰Jupiter.
另外可用固定搭配排除，as large as or larger than = at least as large as
choice a the comparison made in choice a is ok. the real problems with choice a:
- 'the ratio of 42 times' is redundant; it'd be good enough just to say '42 times'. note that the word 'ratio' is not redundant in choices c-d, since it's being used as a modifier to make a logical connection.
- it doesn't say 42 times what. not only is that unacceptably vague, but it also breaks parallelism.
choice b is badly worded: 'compares to 42 times in 1980' seems to say that, on forty-two different occasions in 1980, the ceo:blue-collar ratio reached 419:1. this is not what we are trying to say.
more generally, when speaking about ratios as is done here, you can't just write "42 times" by itself. it has to be 42 times something. sometimes you can use pronouns - the height of the sears tower is more than four times that of the statue of liberty - but you can't use empty space.
choice c exhibits proper usage of 'times' followed by their pay. it also uses the ratio, a correct identification of exactly what is being described.
the construction in choice e doesn't make sense.since that's obviously not the case here——the report points out a fact about these CEOs, not the identities of the CEOs themselves。
D: as the poster above was trying to explain, "work at xxxxx" is not an idiomatic expression here.
even if you don't know this, though, you should still be able to pick (a) over (d), because (a) is more direct and efficient in its language.
i.e., even if (d) were idiomatic (it isn't), it would still be inferior to (a):
works ... at the prevention of X
vs.
prevents X
there's no question which of these has greater economy of expression.
- 'scale of' doesn't make sense
- you can't say 'each that had...' (can't follow 'each' with a relative pronoun - if you're going to use a relative pronoun, it has to come directly after the thing it's trying to modify)
- no justification for using the past perfect ('had been') - that verb, if there's a verb there at all, should be in the simple past (the same tense as everything else in the sentence, because everything described in the sentence is contemporaneous)
- it doesn't make sense to use 'each' AFTER the comma, because it's not true that each structure was connected with a road system. instead, the road system connected all of the structures with each other, which is nowhere close to the same thing. (having 'each' BEFORE the comma makes sense, because it's actually true that each of the structures comprised up to 600 rooms.)
analogy:
the USA comprises 50 states, each of which is united by a federal government --> wrong (the implication is that each state has its own federal government)
the USA comprises 50 states, all of which are united by a federal government --> correct
the USA comprises 50 states, (all) united by a federal government --> correct, whether you have 'all' or not
A，A: Initiated five centuries [ after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992 ] --> 表示1992加上五个世纪才是initiate的时间（加五百年都到未来去了），此时after后面做时间状语
"evidence to suggest" and "evidence that suggests" are both acceptable in this sort of context. neither is a basis for elimination.
normally you would see "evidence that suggests..."
however, they've used "evidence to suggest..." here, in order to avoid writing evidence THAT suggests THAT xxxxx. not because it's wrong -- just because it's ugly.
数字之间的比较用greater不用more，数字只有大小没有多少 B错误
未划线部分是单数，they 不正确，排除CD
所以主句是讲G差点灭绝，后面讲它现在的数量是以前DDT时期的5倍。这个语意有转折，不能用缺乏转折连词的伴随状语/独立主格
E：“now with numbers five times greater than” does NOT modify the idea of "surviving a close brush with extinction"; instead, it is a much later situation, far removed from (and in considerable contrast to) the near-extinction. Therefore, a modifier is inappropriate here; a separate clause, written in a different tense (as in the correct answer), is a better solution.
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in the construction "it is (adjective) for XXXX to (verb)", the adjective describes what XXXX experience(s) in trying to (verb).
e.g.,
This book is hard for me to read.
(I experience difficulty in reading this book.)
It is difficult for Liz to talk to her ex-husband.
(liz has trouble talking to her ex. we don't know whether the converse is true.)
so, choice E is saying that the appliances themselves have to spend a lot of money "to be bought on credit". well, that doesn't make any sense.
also，even if your knowledge of these constructions is nil, you should still be able to kill E because it's so terribly wordy and clunky, as compared to the other choices.
(no, wordiness is not an actual error... but the correct answers are NEVER more wordy / less efficient than the incorrect answers. thus, you can still use differences in wordiness as viable criteria for elimination.)