Although 【she】 had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, 【Barbara Jordan】 did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the 【hearings】 on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, 【which】 were televised nationwide.
尽管芭芭拉·乔丹先是在得克萨斯州参议院，后来在美国众议院被认为是一位有效的立法者，但直到 1974 年她参加 全国电视转播的 弹劾理查德·尼克松总统的听证会时，她才成为全国公认的人物。
题目释义： Although she had been known……， Barbara Jordan did not……， when she……
考点：
1. then与later用词重复
2. 定语从句可以根据动词的单复数形式来实现跳跃修饰，使句子符合逻辑 此处的impeachment 是一种法律程序，
impeach的英文解释为： If a government official is impeached, they are formally charged with a serious crime in a special government court:
e.g.： The governor was impeached for using state funds improperly.
因此电视直播的只能是有关这一法律程序的听证会，所以which从句只能修饰hearings，而不是这一法律程序本身。
选项分析：
A. 打破主从句对位指代规则，句式awkward——即she为although引导的让步状语从句的主语，那么最好主语一开头就是she所指代的对象，也就是Barbara Jordan，而不是not until；
she made a nationally recognized figure较口语化，用become更好； hearings是复数，不能用it指代。
B. Correct；句式简洁明确，层层递进(很明显的正确选项特征)，且符合主从句对位指代规则。
C. 主句主语用Barbara Jordan比较好； with引导的独立主格做伴随逻辑意思不合理；
定语从句的谓语动词 was主谓不一致，应该用were。
D. 主句主语用Barbara Jordan比较好；
then与later用词重复；用as来引导伴随状语逻辑含义不合理；
being 做伴随状语，其逻辑主语是she，逻辑含义错误。
Trans World Entertainment Corporation, which owns the Record Town and Saturday Matinee retail chains, announced it was closing up to one fourth of its stores because of poor sales
拥有 Record Town 和 Saturday Matinee 零售连锁店的 Trans World Entertainment Corporation 宣布，由于销售不佳，将关闭多达四分之一的门店
A. 时态错误, TWEC announced that since sales……are poor, they will…, announced与are, will时态不一致；
此外， they在语法上可以指代sales，但是在逻辑上应该指代its stores，存在歧义，不正确。
B．时态错误，同A。首先，在此which只有指代了前面整句逻辑才合理，但which在GMAT里面无法指代前面整句。
其次即便which能指代前面整句， which account for:说明（解释） …的原因，此处将句意变为了“关门是poor sales的原因”，所以不正确。
Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886, outnumber her letters to anyone else.
艾米莉·狄金森写给苏珊·亨廷顿·狄金森的信，写于苏珊与艾米莉的弟弟结婚前几年，结束于艾米莉于 1886 年去世前不久，写给苏珊·亨廷顿·狄金森的信件数量超过了她写给其他任何人的信件。
When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but there are fewer than one-quarter as many.
在 1950 年代后期，当免下车进入最流行的时候，美国大约有 4,000 辆，但只有不到四分之一。
as many ：同样数量的
如：twice as many, one-quarter as many，We visited five countries in as many days。
B. and后面的it指代barge错误， barge不能造成污染，而是撞击并泄露的事才造成污染，所以and两边的逻辑并列关系不成立。
In January 1994 an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting the city's beaches.
1994 年 1 月，一艘油驳船在波多黎各圣胡安海岸搁浅，其 750,000 加仑的货物泄漏到海洋中，污染了该市的海滩。
Generally, deer ticks* pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage by 【feeding on infected white-footed mice】. 吃含菌食物
However, certain【 other species 】on which the 【larvae* feed】 do not harbor the bacterium. 吃不含菌食物
If the population of 【these other species 多吃不含菌食物】were increased, more of the larvae would be feeding on uninfected hosts,
结论：so the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium would likely decline. 含菌的虱子数量下降
Whether the size of the 【deer tick】 population is 【currently limited by the availability of animals 】for the tick's 【larval】 stage to 【feed on】.
是否限制幼虫可食用的动物
统计枚举推理: CQ1样本代表性
有电脑的人（ people who own computers）都比没有电脑的人要少看电视。
然而，这一发现几乎没有表明 使用电脑会减少看电视的时间，因为____有电脑的人（computer owners ）大部分∈很少看电视的人群______。
computer owners in the United States predominantly（大多数） belong to demographic groups that have long been known to spend less time watching television than the population as a whole does.
注意限定词：原文 domestic sheep（圈养的羊↑） ←反面 → 选项 wild animals（野生的动物↓）
P： 政府奖励猎人杀狼，狼变少了。
C： Yet wolf attacks on 【(domestic) sheep】 increased significantly.
但是，狼却更多的攻击（圈养的）羊了。
After 1910 hunters shot and wounded a substantial number of wolves, thereby greatly diminishing these wolves' ability to prey on【 wild animals 】
1910年以后，猎手们弄的很多狼都受了伤，因此大幅减少了狼捕食野生动物的能力。
本选项给出了“杀狼”之后可能带来的一个后果，即，狼不再有能力捕食野生动物，转而更多的捕食羊了。
Deborah Sampson 【joined】 the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, 【was injured】 three times, and 【was discharged】 in 1783 because she 【had become】 too ill to serve.
德博拉·桑普森 1782 年 22 岁时【加入】大陆军，3 次【受伤】，1783 年【出院】，因为她【病得】无法服役。
【had become】表明了she become too ill to serve 是发生在was discharged in 1783之前
The 【discovery】 of twenty-one ceramic dog figurines during the 【excavation】 of a 1,000-year-old Hohokam village in Tempe, Arizona, 【has】 nearly doubled the number of these artifacts known to exist.
在亚利桑那州坦佩市一个有 1000 年历史的 Hohokam 村庄的挖掘过程中发现了 21 个陶瓷狗雕像，使已知存在的这些文物的数量
Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times,
and because of the economy's continued strength, analysts 【have been predicting for weeks】 that the target 【will】 be raised again in November.
自 2 月以来，美联储已五次上调短期利率目标，
由于经济持续走强，分析师【数周以来一直预测】该目标将在 11 月再次上调。
时态上， for weeks， for有持续的含义，所以用现在完成时正确；
同时， since February. the Fed连续5次加息，那么在这持续加息的日子中分析家也就持续predicting，所以完成进行时正确。
Predict是要搭配will的，不同于expect to do。除了用在过去时态中， would用在虚拟里（与现实相反），不用在肯定语境中。
Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs (that are essentially wheel-like) with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from the hub.
像 argiope 这样的圆球编织蜘蛛构建的网基本上是轮状的，有一个外缘和一些从轮毂发出的辐条。
Once designed with 【its】 weight concentrated in a metal center, the 【discus】 used in track competition is now lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws.
用于田径比赛的铁饼 曾经被设计为将重量集中在金属中心处，现在是将其放在边缘，从而提高了飞行的稳定性并导致更长的投掷。
(C) （√）； Designed引导的过去分词结构作定语修饰句子主语 the discus，逻辑正确。
Once designed with…, the discus … is … now lined with…, thereby improving…
原先的设计是将重心放在金属中心处, 而现在是将其放在边缘…
生词:
discus n.(铁饼) 不误认做discuss
Perimeter n. 周边，边缘
考点：
1. 指代一致
2. line: vt. to cover the inner surface of
选项分析:
(A) it指代weight of the discus错误；划线部分is concentrated应该使用过去时态。
(B) it指代问题，同A； According to改变了原文的逻辑意思，原文不是想说根据，只是陈述客观事实。
(D) 全句缺少谓语动词。
(E) design固定搭配，没有design doing的结构； having concentrated 完成时使用没必要； 后半句没有谓语动词， and now 应该为and now is 时态改变，因此不能直接并列，前半句使用的是过去时态was.
The first detailed study of magpie attacks in Australia indicates that
by the time they* 【reached--后发生】 adulthood, 98 percent of men* and 75 percent of women* born in the country 【had been attacked--先发生】 by the birds.
澳大利亚首次对喜鹊袭击的详细研究表明，当他们（男+女）成年时，该国出生的 98% 的男性和 75% 的女性都曾受到鸟类的袭击。
C. (√）在第一次顺读句子的时候they虽然有向前指代attacks的倾向，但看到了reached adulthood，即可排除这个倾向，而判断they是向后指代men and women；
本句把by the time放在宾语从句的最前面是最合理的，因为要强调一个截止的时间点。
宾从的时态往往会独立于主句时态。
错误选项分析：
A. 时态错误，前面是had reached adulthood，后面是have been attacked by，而事实上前者发生在后者的后面，时态混乱，而且人类在reach adulthood之后不会再有成长阶段，所以不应该用had reached adulthood，而应该用一般过去时；
再者由于be attack发生在reach adulthood前面，所以有明显的时间对比，应该be attack用过去完成时had been attacked。
B. reach的时态错误，同时使得had been attacked没有时间对比来说明be attack是发生在过去的过去；
Who引 导的定语从句是非限制性修饰，使得逻辑含义错误。
D. that were可以省略，而且that仅用于指代非人类事物；
were attacked和reach时态错误。
E. who were可以省略； adulthood后面少了逗号，错误，独立的修饰成分必须用两个逗号隔开；
把by the time插在句子中间，显得很awkward。
【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but 【they】began to grow again after the 1991 report [that linked moderate consumption of alcohol（, and particularly of red wine, ）with a reduced risk of heart disease]
葡萄酒的【销量】在 1980 年代后期有所下降，但【销量】又开始增长，在 1991 年的报告将适度饮酒(，尤其是红酒）与降低患心脏病的风险联系起来后
A. （√）
They是完全指代，指代sales of wines； and particularly of red wine中去掉and也是对的(and可放在插入语前，不影响逻辑)；
begin to do或begin doing都正确；
in particular在本题不如particularly有效，因为介词太多句式会复杂。
错误选项分析：
B.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine（少了consumption）,【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine与alcohol consumption概念不同，不能同位修饰，应该在red wine后面也补上consumption；
they 离其所指代的sales太远，使得句子理解起来不清晰， awkward；
link A with B， A和B谁在前并不要紧。
C.【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, 【which 指代错误】 was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again （×）
in a 1991 report修饰but后整句，使句意荒谬：在报告里，酒的销量开始上升；
which指代的是red wine，错误(which通常就近指代)；
particularly of red wine与moderate alcohol consumption不平行，后者应改为moderate consumption of alcohol；
cause的主语是consumption，逻辑意思很荒谬，正确的主语应该是report。
D. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular （少了of）red wine, 【they 代词太远】 began growing again （×）
red wine不能同位修饰alcohol consumption，要在red wine前面加上of；
they began growing中的they离其指代对象sales过远。
E. 【Sales】 of wines declined in the late 1980s, but a reduced 【risk 主语错误】of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started 【them指代不清】them growing again （×）
in a 1991 report有修饰moderate alcohol consumption的歧义，好像consumption是发生在report里，还是A 的表达最为明确；
in particular red wine无法修饰alcohol consumption，概念不同；
start的主语是risk错误；start them中的them指代不清。
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Although 【she】 had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, 【Barbara Jordan】 did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the 【hearings】 on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, 【which】 were televised nationwide.尽管芭芭拉·乔丹先是在得克萨斯州参议院，后来在美国众议院被认为是一位有效的立法者，但直到 1974 年她参加 全国电视转播的 弹劾理查德·尼克松总统的听证会时，她才成为全国公认的人物。
题目释义： Although she had been known……， Barbara Jordan did not……， when she……
考点：
1. then与later用词重复
2. 定语从句可以根据动词的单复数形式来实现跳跃修饰，使句子符合逻辑 此处的impeachment 是一种法律程序，
impeach的英文解释为： If a government official is impeached, they are formally charged with a serious crime in a special government court:
e.g.： The governor was impeached for using state funds improperly.
因此电视直播的只能是有关这一法律程序的听证会，所以which从句只能修饰hearings，而不是这一法律程序本身。
3. 主从句对位指代：如果主从句主语相同，那么当主句在前时，主句主语要用名词，从句主语要用代词；
当从句在前是，从句主语可以用名词也可以用代词，当从句主语用代词时，主句要用名词，当从句主语用名词时，主句主语用代词指代从句主语。
选项分析：
A. 打破主从句对位指代规则，句式awkward——即she为although引导的让步状语从句的主语，那么最好主语一开头就是she所指代的对象，也就是Barbara Jordan，而不是not until；
she made a nationally recognized figure较口语化，用become更好； hearings是复数，不能用it指代。
B. Correct；句式简洁明确，层层递进(很明显的正确选项特征)，且符合主从句对位指代规则。
C. 主句主语用Barbara Jordan比较好； with引导的独立主格做伴随逻辑意思不合理；
定语从句的谓语动词 was主谓不一致，应该用were。
D. 主句主语用Barbara Jordan比较好；
then与later用词重复；用as来引导伴随状语逻辑含义不合理；
being 做伴随状语，其逻辑主语是she，逻辑含义错误。
E. 错误同DC