After long years of indifferent【reception by the scientific community】, 多年被科学团体所不接受的
【Barbara McClintock's subtle work】 on the genetics of corn has now [been acknowledged to] be of major importance;
芭芭拉·麦克林托克在玉米遗传学方面的微妙工作现在被认为具有重要意义。
C选项(×):根据语义,被 reception 的只能是工作work,不能是it(这件事)。
sth./sb is acknowledged to be……:某事物/某人 被承认/认作为……
of great importance= greatly important.
Though the 【artifacts】 of pre-Columbian civilization created a stir from the very first European contacts with the New World in the sixteenth century,
it was not until the latter half of the nineteenth century that Western designers, artists, and crafters were inspired to imitate 【them】.(√)
尽管前哥伦布文明的文物在 16 世纪欧洲与新大陆的第一次接触中引起了轰动,
但直到 19 世纪下半叶,西方设计师、艺术家和工匠才受到启发去模仿它们 .
D选项:imitate没有宾语。
until the latter half of the nineteenth century Western designers, artists, and crafters have not been inspired to imitate.(×)
选项A:冗余
an occasion known as 【a transit of Venus】, during which 【it(形式主语=先行词a transit of Venus)】 makes the outline of the planet visible in stark relief. (出现的两次a transit of Venus,所以冗余)
同理:
which 后面就不能加代词了。比如:
I like my dog, who is a lovely animal. (√)
I like my dog, who it is a lovely animal。(× ,∵冗余)
be capable of:主语主动上有能力做什么事情
通常: 人/动物+be capable of:(人/动物)有能力做……
例外: A single atomic bomb(无生命物体) is capable of (能)destroying an entire metropolitan area.
此题未划线部分出现humans(人),所以是human能detect, (Humans are capable of detecting xxxx.)。一滴辣椒不可能主动上具有detection的能力。
drop不是人/动物:
drop can be detected by humans(√)
drop is capable of detection by humans(×)
语义+主谓宾优于主系表
D. 努力不是在gap的减少之中的。(Efforts have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps) --“努力”处于“减少”这个事件中。主系表。(×)
E. 努力没有减少gap。(Efforts have not significantly reduced the gap)--“努力”主动发生reduce这个动作。主谓宾。(√)
address the difficulties是解决困难不是遭遇困难!
prediciton是内容,predicting是行为,
18500前不能穿越冰川,不能证明18000的时候的事情
b取非,大于等于,等于的时候,肯定也会下降
A 难道不是comes 而非come吗。。。。
目标:stop the northern snakeheads from eliminating rare native fish species. --让ns无法抓稀有鱼
方案: paying recreational fishers for each northern snakehead they catch.-- 让fisher来catch ns,从而控制ns的数量
然后就可以发现ns减少了和让ns无法抓稀有鱼之间有个gap,【fisher抓ns】 和 【ns抓稀有鱼】 之间没有建立联系
B:fisher抓ns和稀有鱼减少之间有联系,正好弥补了这个gap。这是一道典型的搭桥假设题。
B:How local population numbers of 【rare native fish species】 have been changing since the wildlife officials started 【paying recreational fishers】 to 【catch northern snakeheads】。(最相关)
自从野生动物官员开始【付钱给休闲渔民】去【捕捉北方蛇头】后,当地【珍稀本土鱼类】的种群数量发生了怎样的变化
E没有讲pay fisher
增强类-排除他因
结论:苍蝇在团队行动时会放出信号来警示同伴
原因(实验结果):单独的苍蝇不躲避,多只苍蝇出现躲避现象
逻辑缺陷:苍蝇在团体中的躲避行为是否由其他原因(例如只是简单模仿同伴的行动)造成,而B排除了这一个原因,C仅为重述实验结果。
选项B:取非(单纯跟着同伙一快飞),则削弱结论,即没有放出信号
P : Recycling is economically viable and profitable.
C: 50% of solid waste should be recycled
【削弱】方案的可行性
B. 现有的回收计划仅限于 20% 的固体废物,这些废物在再加工时 可以在【质量和价格quality and price】上 与加工后的原材料相匹配。(√)
这表明,将可回收的固体废物的百分比提高到 50% 可能会导致 大量回收、再加工的【劣质】材料。
如果这种材料在质量和价格上无法与加工材料匹配,这可能会使回收计划【不再有利可图not profitable】,属于【削弱】方案的的可行性。
C. 现有的回收计划经常难以为他们的材料寻找买家,通常是因为[材料数量太少quantities too small ] 而无法进行具有成本效益的拾取和运输。(×)
现在新措施(50% 的固体废物)实行后,则材料数量会变大,所以方案更可行了,属于【加强】方案的的可行性。
题目:
profit (FD)=收来的高费用 high fee - 付出的低成本 low cost
profit (SD)=收来的低费用 low fee - 付出的高成本 high cost
若FD改成SD,并且收low fee。 即,
新profit (FD)↓=收来的高费用 high fee(↓为low fee) - 付出的低成本 low cost
新profit (SD)↑=收来的低费用 low fee - 付出的高成本 high cost(↓为low cost)
所以,新profit (FD)下降↓,新profit (SD)上升↑
extra revenue collected from customers who pay the high fee > extra cost of providing SD to customers who pay the low fee
从支付高额费用的客户那里收取的额外收入>向支付低费用的客户提供 SD 的额外成本。
The cathedrals of the Middle Ages were [as much] community centers [as] purely religious edifices, structures that represented a city’s commitment to 【a public realm】, as opposed to 【a private one】
中世纪的大教堂 与 纯粹的宗教建筑 一样 多是社区中心,代表着城市对【公共领域】的承诺,而不是【私人领域】
句子;+and句子 (×) --排除A
句子;+句子(√)
句子,+and 句子 (√)
as much/many +名词 + as + 名词:对象要平行 --排除BCE
E项不平行:as much [community centers名词] as [they were purely religious edifices句子]
B (√)
Inhabitants of the area around Lake Champlain claim sightings of a long and narrow 【“sea monster” 】similar to 【the one】 reputed to live in 【Loch Ness】 , which, like 【Lake Champlain】 , is an inland lake connected to the ocean by a river.
尚普兰湖周围地区的居民声称,他们看到了一种狭长的“海怪”,类似于生活在尼斯湖的那种海怪。
尼斯湖像尚普兰湖,是一个由河流连接海洋的内陆湖。
根据语义,分析代词指代的对象:
【the one】 reputed to live in Loch Ness, also an inland lake……:“据说生活在尼斯内陆湖里的XX”,因为人不会生活在湖里,所以the one指代【sea monster水怪】。
词组:be reputed to be/do sth 据说……
Like 和 similar to: 要有平行的对象。--排除AE
句子包含两组比较: ①湖泊: Loch Ness 和 Lake Champlain;②水怪:the one 和 sea monster
visible equipment和unobtrusive equipment平行。--排除BCD
equipment 是单数,用is, 不能用are。--排除A
C(√)
At a recently discovered 【site】 once used as an observatory by the Anasazi, ancient pueblo dwellers of New Mexico,
patterns of light and shadow were employed to establish the precise limits of the positions of the Sun and Moon over a nineteen-year cycle.
在最近发现的一个【地点】,曾经被新墨西哥州的古代普韦布洛居民阿纳萨齐人用作天文台,
光影模式被用来确定太阳和月亮在 19 年周期内的位置的精确界限。
A和B(×):where从句 离 要修饰的site 太远
D(×): as an observatory 信息缺失
E (×):place 【that】 the Anasazi, ancient pueblo dwellers of New Mexico, once used 【the site】 as an observatory. (冗余)
根据语义:非划线部分的 it 指代hypothesis,而不是weakness。--选D(√)
Though【the hypothesis 】 sounds plausible, its weakness is that【 it 】does not incorporate all relevant evidence.
尽管这个假设听起来很合理,但它的弱点是它没有包含所有相关的证据。
排除A选项:因为it优先指代主句主语weakness而不是hypothesis.
【Nineteenth-century doctors --19世纪的医生】 thought that alcohol, when ingested, passed through the stomach into the bloodstream and was broken down only by the liver;
recent studies, however, have led 【doctors--另外一些医生】 to conclude that the stomach breaks down up to 20 percent of ingested alcohol before it reaches the liver.
【19世纪的医生】认为酒精摄入后会通过胃进入血液,只被肝脏分解;
然而,最近的研究使【另外一些医生】得出结论,摄入的酒精在到达肝脏之前,胃会分解高达 20% 的酒精。
∵ 19世纪的医生不可能活到现在
∴ 不能用 their/them(同类同物)、 the doctors(特指前文已出现的医生)
在(A)(B)(E)中,their/them/the doctors都属于特指前文中出现的Nineteenth-century doctors;
在(C)(D)中,doctors指“另外一些医生”。