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题库 / Prep2007E1-SC-124
Whereas the use of synthetic fertilizers has greatly expanded agricultural productivity in many parts of the world, an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it
if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they
the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution
the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, while their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
我想问A 中的their可不可以指代in many parts of the world啊。。。。。
like不能举例
c选项，they是农业，但应该是农业增加使用
1、中心词排除：choice a,b: 主语是increase；choice d,e: 主语是usage。结合语意应该是increase造成负面影响，而不是usage造成负面影响——剩下AB
2、such as & like的区别：such as往往用于举例集合里的元素，I like fruit such as grapes and apples. like用于两个平级的名词，Like my brother, I ride a bicycle to school everyday.
换言之 like更多表类比，such as更多表举例
whereas conj。
however conj
substitution：置换。substitute：替代品
C：this implies that the fertilizers themselves are "substitutions". that doesn't make sense; a "substitution" is actually the process of substituting one thing for another, not one of the things themselves. 改成substitutes就对
逻辑上来说，到底是谁导致了环境的恶化，要搞清楚
A:化肥的increase造成严重环境问题 正确
C： they 指代fertilizers，句意是“农药使用的增加“使环境变坏，不是农药本身，错误
化肥（化肥是无辜的）本身是不会造成环境恶化，或造成土壤退化加速的，只有人【加速使用】化肥或者人【替代】传统肥料为化肥这两件事，才会导致环境恶化。类似的有一道og的题目，说fossil fuel 或 human 或 human's burning fossil fuel 这三者谁会造成空气质量变差----选最后一个。
［根据句意理解］
是一件事情造成的后果，还是一个事物
like不用举例，排除b、e
a选项正确，and表示并列
c选项they指代了fertilizers，是错误的，应该指代fertilizers增长这件事情
d选项if句子还原就是if this substitution is substituted for more traditional fertilizers，太复杂
这题再回头过去看了一遍发现感觉又有了新的认识，不仅可以从语意来解题，还可以从语法来解
choice a,b: 主语是increase；choice d,e: 主语是usage。结合语意应该是increase造成负面影响，而不是usage造成负面影响
choice c, if条件状语从句，意思是“如果这些化肥使用增加，它们可以造成严重的环境后果。”不应该是假设状语从句，并且if和whereas同时作为状语修饰主句 they can create serious environmental problems，两个状语之间应该要有连词。
另外choice d,e还有一个语法错误，while状语从句前面应该要有一个连词。而在choice a,b中就出现了这个连词and
such as & like的区别：such as往往用于举例集合里的元素，I like fruit such as grapes and apples. like用于两个平级的名词，Like my brother, I ride a bicycle to school everyday.
while本来就可以当连词，不需要用while的时候还加and。这里的while错在：本来句子表达的是递进关系，while表达的是转折。
我明白你的意思，while的确是作连词表示1）转折 2）同时。我们就拿choice d来说: while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, 这个while从句修饰的主句是在它后面的this substitution may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion. 但是这个while从句和它身前的the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution是没有关系的，他们不构成复句的关系。所以在这个地方是需要出现连词的
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A说的是 化肥用量的增加会导致问题；而C说的是 化肥会导致问题。应该是前者更合逻辑
AB: 主语的核心词是increase（增加）
DE：主语的核心词是usage（使用）、
C: if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers , 补上主语就是if synthetic fertilizers are used as substitutions...逻辑上来说就是 synthetic fertilizers = substituions ，逻辑错误
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substitution：置换。substitute：替代品
使用的增加会导致，而不是增加的使用会导致
...BUT the sentence keeps going! The clause beginning with "while if substituted" clearly *means* "if [synthetic fertilizers are] substituted, but nowhere in the sentence has "synthetic fertilizer" been the SUBJECT of a verb. That phrase only appears as a modifier (in the nonunderlined portion). D has a definable, structural grammar issue--so this choice is out.
宗老板说：C的话不符合上半句话“whereas”，就不make sense
substitution：置换。substitute：替代品
C：this implies that the fertilizers themselves are "substitutions". that doesn't make sense; a "substitution" is actually the process of substituting one thing for another, not one of the things themselves. 改成substitutes就对
B：like不能举例，and if 前后要平行，前面没有提到。
C： they 指代fertilizers，句意是“农药使用的增加“使环境变坏，不是农药本身。
D：while if表达奇怪。
E：like 不能举例，while状语从句修饰前面can create 意思表达错误。
increase 发出create的动作，fertilizers 不会create
选D的前一秒还犹豫了...觉得while用得很不好，但是时间不够了就没有再仔细检查了
最开始就错误的排除了AB...因为their的指代很模糊...其实是自己没有好好审题...
还是应该先排最明显的错误再仔细斟酌！！！
D的错误太大了，这里明显不是像表达转折的含义，明显是递进啊！！