扫描二维码，直接登录
题库 / Prep2008E1-RC-32
Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction as they grind past each other, but in 1965 Henyey found that temperatures in drill holes near the fault were not as elevated as had been expected. Some geologists wondered whether the absence of friction-generated heat could be explained by the kinds of rock composing the fault. Geologists' pre-1965 assumptions concerning heat generated in the fault were based on calculations about common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite; but "weaker" materials, such as clays, had already been identified in samples retrieved from the fault zone. Under normal conditions, rocks composed of clay produce far less friction than do other rock types.
In 1992 Byerlee tested whether these materials would produce friction 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth's surface. Byerlee found that when clay samples were subjected to the thousands of atmospheres of pressure they would encounter deep inside the Earth, they produced as much friction as was produced by other rock types. The harder rocks push against each other, the hotter they become; in other words, pressure itself, not only the rocks' properties, affects frictional heating. Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other.
The passage suggests which of the following regarding Henyey's findings about temperature in the San Andreas Fault?
Scientists have yet to formulate a definitive explanation for Henyey's findings.
Recent research suggests that Henyey's explanation for the findings should be modified.
Henyey's findings had to be recalculated in light of Byerlee's 1992 experiment.
Henyey's findings provided support for an assumption long held by geologists.
Scientists have been unable to duplicate Henyey's findings using more recent experimental methods.
此讲解的内容由AI生成，还未经人工审阅，仅供参考。
正确答案是 B。
1965 年，Henyey 发现在圣安德烈亚断层附近的钻孔里的温度没有想象中那么高。他对此做出了一个解释，即断层区内含有较弱的材料（如粘土），这种材料在正常条件下与其他岩石类型相比会产生较少的摩擦力。1992 年，Byerlee 在大地深处 10-15 公里的地方进行试验，发现粘土在高压环境下会产生与其他岩石类型相同的摩擦力，这意味着压力本身对摩擦加热也有影响。而这一研究又表明，断层中的水可能会减弱板块之间的摩擦力。因此，B 选项最为恰当，其意思是近期的研究表明，Henyey 关于该发现的解释需要做出修正。
现象解释+新老观念对比：
第一段：
提出老观点：1965年前认为热是由摩擦产生 并且根据石头的种类产生不同的热 ➡️ 1965年后猜想原因可能不同。
第二段：
解释65年后的猜想原因。。 由压力导致产生热 ➡️ 最后结论：可能是周围的水压导致的热
作者的观念： 不确定具体的原因 still wonder
have yet to尚未 还没有
作者的观念： 不确定具体的原因 still wonder
现象解释：
有些温度异常，G提出可能和clay有关，但是做实验发现和clay无关，就猜想是否和pressure有关。但是一直没有给出具体的解释。与A选项相符
rock plates 岩石层
friction 摩擦
grind 挤压，摩擦
drill holes 钻孔
fault 故障，断层
elevate 举高
have yet to 尚未，还没有
have yet to → have not to
We have yet to decide what action to take (= We have not decided what action to take).
have yet to 尚未，还没有
就是看不懂这个才错了 555
登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
have yet to尚未 还没有
现象解释+新老观念对比：
第一段：
提出老观点：1965年前认为热是由摩擦产生 并且根据石头的种类产生不同的热 ➡️ 1965年后猜想原因可能不同。
第二段：
解释65年后的猜想原因。。 由压力导致产生热 ➡️ 最后结论：可能是周围的水压导致的热
作者的观念： 不确定具体的原因（最后一句话：Geologists therefore "wondered"）
[转]现象解释+新老观念对比：
第一段：
提出老观点：1965年前认为热是由摩擦产生 并且根据石头的种类产生不同的热 ➡️ 1965年后猜想原因可能不同。
第二段：
解释65年后的猜想原因。。 由压力导致产生热 ➡️ 最后结论：可能是周围的水压导致的热
作者的观念： 不确定具体的原因 still wonder have yet to 尚未
B. 并不是Hanyey的explanation，是some geologists的
have yet to 尚未，还没有
【转载】
现象解释+新老观念对比：
第一段：
提出老观点：1965年前认为热是由摩擦产生 并且根据石头的种类产生不同的热 ➡️ 1965年后猜想原因可能不同。
第二段：
解释65年后的猜想原因。。 由压力导致产生热 ➡️ 最后结论：可能是周围的水压导致的热
作者的观念： 不确定具体的原因 still wonder
一直在wonder
请问D的问题出在了哪里？看起来有些对啊。
Prior to 1965 geologists assumed (an assumption long held by geologists.) that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction as they grind past each other, but (注意But ut , 反例, contradiction) in 1965 Henyey found that temperatures in drill holes near the fault were not as elevated as had been expected
登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
直到最后，科学家们也只是在wonder， 是否是加压水导致了摩擦力的减少，但没有验证
泥土已经被证明不是原因
have yet to尚未 还没有
Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other
目前仍然没有明确的理论可以解释那些消失的热量
Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other
passage structure
A old assumption--H's finding questions the old assumption--so new question is proposal, trying to explain H's finding, and a experiment is conduct---experiment find nothing for the proposal, so another new questioon is proposed to try to explain H's finding
Overall, H's finding has not been explained.
have yet to尚未 还没有
Scientists have yet to formulate a definitive explanation for Henyey's findings.
Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other.目前仍然没有明确的理论可以解释那些消失的热量