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题库 / GMATLA-SC-40
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
With charcoal's being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.
AC比較
over the eighteenth century副詞位置改變,修飾整句變成修飾 tripled而已
A 平行 詞性作用平行
C With相較because因果表達不清
A: as a result of several improvements和because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore并列。语法上是可以的，因为两者都是原因状语
C: with being replaced and improvements介词短语结构在句首作伴随状语，不是独立主格，没有办法表达出因果的关系。因此相对choice a,b改变了意思；
The phrase in addition to is worth mentioning. At the beginning of a sentence, you can use this construction to add another example to the subject. You can also use it to add another example to a different noun in the sentence, such as the object of the verb or some other noun. This usage is endorsed by the GMAT.
Right: IN ADDITION TO taxes, death is inevitable.
Right: IN ADDITION TO Munster cheese. I like Swiss.
A中as ａ result of 和 because 功能平行，都是原因状语，只是一个引导一个名词，一个引导一件事。
B中 in addition to 除...之外
AB时间状语的不同修辞
---by ruqi
A: as a result of several improvements和because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore并列。语法上是可以的，因为两者都是原因状语
B: 主干 a tripling was due to X, in addition to Y 改变了意思。在choice a中用and连接两个原因状语说明两个原因的权重是一样的，in addition to的结构中说明Y的重要性低一些
C: with being replaced and improvements介词短语结构在句首作伴随状语，注意不是独立主格，没有办法表达出因果的关系。因此相对choice a,b改变了意思；
D: 句首的名词replacement and improvement作为主句主语average output的同位语，逻辑错误
E: 缺少谓语动词
due to 应该modify 一个名词，但是a tripling不是due to可以modify的，illogical，所以淘汰B
D选项是没有谓语
which 指代的是several improvement， 但是several improvement 只是triple的一部分，不能代表全部，所以指代不对，排除E
In B, over the course of the eighteenth century (introductory prepositional modifier) serves to modify was (the verb in the following clause).
Conveyed meaning:
A tripling WAS over the course of the eighteenth century.
In the OA, over the course of the eighteenth century (introductory prepositional modifier) serves to modify tripled (the verb in the following clause).
Conveyed meaning:
The average output TRIPLED over the course of the eighteenth century.
A，the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of sth and because ……
as a result of引导的介宾 AND because引导的状语从句一起作状语，修饰主句the output tripled。产量三倍，因为……，and 因为……。
B，B/A的区别在于时间状语的修饰对象：A，产量在18世纪3倍，ok；在18世纪，B，3倍的产量是因为……，错误。不是在18世纪因为，而是在18世纪产量3倍。
a tripling was due to A，in addition to B，"in addition to B"类似于as well as的用法，可以做定语也可以做状语修饰句子。
a tripling in the average output
说法有误
c不是独立主格，charcoal's being replaced表述也有问题
choice a, as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery 和because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore用and连接。语法上是可以的因为两者都是原因状语
choice b, 提取主干 a tripling was due to X, in addition to Y 改变了意思。在choice a中用and连接两个原因状语说明两个原因的权重是一样的，in addition to的结构中说明Y的重要性低一些
choice c, with being replaced and improvements介词短语结构在句首作伴随状语，没有办法表达出因果的关系。因此相对choice a,b改变了意思
choice d, 句首的名词replacement and improvement作为主句主语average output的同位语，逻辑错误
choice e, 缺少谓语动词
回看这道题，C选项应该不是语法的问题，从逻辑上来看，导致triple这个结果的并不是replace而是charcoal被coal替代这件事？所以把replace各种名词化的用法都是不合逻辑的
因为charcoal后面的‘s，C选项是介宾短语，不是独立主格结构。
同意，'s是所有格结构不是独立主格。如果是独立主格应该要写成With charcoal (being) replaced by coal , being是可以省略的
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c不是独立主格，with后面跟的是动名词和名词，由于的意思，相当于because of 和as a result of。。后面通常加纯名词，而不是ing，也不能加从句。
C中charcoal's being 使得它不是一个独立主格结构，应该用charcoal being 才能算是独立主格。所以在这里就没有因果关系的表示了
C选项错在，several improvements in blowing machinery前面的介词是不能省略的。因为，With charcoal's being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore中的with是独立主格的with，不是一个普通的介词，而several improvements in blowing machinery是一个纯名词，身前需要一个真正的介词。
此外，with没有表现出因果关系。
这道题可不可以这么理解：B中in addition to several improvements...做状语，但是它应该是跟之前的replacement是平行的，所以逻辑关系错。C呢with charcoal's being replaced and several improvements, 这个不平行，既不是独立主格也不是介词短语，所以不对；D呢the replacement of charcoal and several improvement, 名词短语不能做状语吧，也不对；E呢没有谓语动词，可以这么理解吗？
A
B in addition有问题
C错在with不是介词 它是一个独立主格 所以 with没办法包含后面的several improvements 需要一个额外的介词
D前半句就是两个noun连独立主格都不是 不知道想说啥
Ewhich
A选项连个adverbial modifier平行
原因状语平行，起相同作用的时候用and，作用相同即可平行