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题库 / GMATLA-RC-24
The idea that equipping homes with electrical appliances and other "modern" household technologies would eliminate drudgery, save labor time, and increase leisure for women who were full-time home workers remained largely unchallenged until the women's movement of the 1970's spawned the groundbreaking and influential works of sociologist Joann Vanek and historian Ruth Cowan. Vanek analyzed 40 years of time use surveys conducted by home economists to argue that electrical appliances and other modern household technologies reduced the effort required to perform specific tasks, but ownership of these appliances did not correlate with less time spent on housework by full-time home workers. In fact, time spent by these workers remained remarkably constant―at about 52 to 54 hours per week―from the 1920's to the 1960's, a period of significant change in household technology. In surveying two centuries of household technology in the United States, Cowan argued that the "industrialization" of the home often resulted in more work for full-time home workers because the use of such devices as coal stoves, water pumps, and vacuum cleaners tended to reduce the workload of married-women's helpers (husbands, sons, daughters, and servants) while promoting a more rigorous standard of housework. The full-time home worker's duties also shifted to include more household management, child care, and the post-Second World War phenomenon of being "Mom's taxi."
According to the passage, which of the following is true about the idea mentioned in highlight text?
It has been undermined by data found in time-use surveys conducted by home economists.
It was based on a definition of housework that was explicitly rejected by Vanek and Cowan.
It is more valid for the time period studied by Cowan than for the time period studied by Vanek.
It is based on an underestimation of the time that married women spent on housework prior to the industrialization of the household.
It inaccurately suggested that new household technologies would reduce the effort required to perform housework.
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正确答案是 A。
A 是正确答案，因为文章指出，Vanek 和 Cowan 通过分析家庭经济学家收集的40年使用时间的调查数据发现，电器和其他现代家庭技术可以减轻特定任务的工作量，但全职家庭工作者的家务工作时间并没有随着这些技术的拥有而减少。因此，这项想法被数据所否定。
问一个很tricky的问题，文中提到的社会学家和历史学家可以用home economists代替吗
题目里的home economists并没有指那两个社会学家和历史学家。第五行 “ Vanek analyzed 40 years of time use surveys conducted by home economists to argue that ... ”
啊！对！是我没看仔细，谢谢你！
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错选E：阅读细节被遗漏："argue that .... reduced the effort rquired.... but ownership of these appliances did not correlate with less time spent on housework", 说明科技进步还是能够减轻工作量的，但是对家务时间的减少并没有太大关联。
reduce effort to certain task, 我也是错选了这个
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本文的第一句和第二句，减少effort和减少time是不一样的
Vanek......electrical appliances and other modern household technologies reduced the effort......, but ownership of these appliances did not correlate with less time .......
注意：effort减少了，time没有减少
定位句：Vanek analyzed 40 years of timeuse surveys conducted by home economists to argue that electrical appliances and other modern household technologies reduced the effort required to perform specific tasks, but ownership of these appliances did not correlate with less time spent on housework by full-time home workers.
According to the passage, which of the following is true about the idea mentioned in highlight text?
A.It has been undermined by data found in time-use surveys conducted by home economists.
整个问答的意思是： 关于高光的词哪个说法是对的
A.这个观点被有家庭经济学专家的调研数据动摇了
这个体现在下一句中这个观点被X和X根据这些数据做的研究挑战了
e：减少effort没错，只是说跟减少时间没关系
e：减少effort没错，只是说跟减少时间没关系
E中，effort确实减少了，是时间没减少
仔细读句子，不要想当然
人家已经说得非常清楚，这个想法是，科学进步能够减少苦活，减少工作时间！，增加玩乐，为女人。-- 后来直接被推翻了，时间没有减少。effort是很后面才说的。
遇到细节题，不要猜！！！一定要定位到原文对着看！！！
错选了D：文章并没有对比工业化前后的时间。看到时间留选了。没注意限定"工业化“”
effort和time！
E选项错误的原因在于： new household technologies do reduce the effort required to perform housework.
全文的意思是在强调new tech没有减少time spent on housework by full-time home workers
不选e的原因是：the idea并没有提到reduce the effort,只提到了reduce time，reduce effort是Vanek提出的。
"....argue that electrical appliances and other modern household technologies reduced the effort required to perform specific tasks, but ownership of these appliances did not correlate with less time spent on housework by full-time home workers."
E, reduced effort required, but not less time spent.
Vanek analyzed 40 years of timeuse surveys conducted by home economists to argue that electrical appliances and other modern household technologies reduced the effort required to perform specific tasks, but ownership of these appliances did not correlate with less time spent on housework by full-time home workers.
chice e, contradicts the information in the passage
这个应该是一道主旨细节题，对于electric appliances in helping eliminate drudgery, save labor time, and increase leisure for women的challenge主要针对的是哪一点？ 紧接着的economist观点揭示，是time-use的问题。
e为什么不对
Vanek analyzed 40 years of timeuse surveys conducted by home economists to argue that electrical appliances and other modern household technologies reduced the effort required to perform。。
請問為何不能選E 謝謝！
第一句提出了一个观点，而第二句就说明V用40年的数据反驳了这个观点。