To reduce productivity losses from employees calling in sick, Corporation X implemented a new policy requiring employees to come into work unless they were so sick that they had to go to a doctor. But a year after the policy was implemented, a study found that Corporation X's overall productivity losses due to reported employee illnesses had increased.
Which of the following, if true, would best explain why the policy produced the reverse of its intended effect?
After the policy was implemented, employees more frequently went to the doctor when they felt sick.
Before the policy was implemented, employees who were not sick at all often called in sick.
Employees coming into work when sick often infect many of their coworkers.
Unusually few employees became genuinely sick during the year after the policy was implemented.
There are many other factors besides employee illness that can adversely affect productivity.
情景:为了减少因为员工以生病为由的请假而导致的减产,X公司贯彻了一个政策,该政策指出除非员工们严重到必须看医生了,否则必须工作。但是,在这个政策实施一年后,员工以生病为由的请假而导致的减产更多了。
推理:由于本题的问题问了方案,所以是方案推理。
推理结构为:
目标:减少因为员工以生病为由的请假而导致的减产
方案:除非员工们严重到必须看医生了,否则必须工作
选题方式:方案推理有三个评估方向,简而言之,即,答案选项一定和方案的内容相关。
选项分析:
A选项:在这个政策实施后,在他们感到不舒服后,他们更加频繁的去看医生了。员工们更加频繁的去看医生可以在一定程度上增加减产的可能性,可以暂时保留。属于CQ1:方案的可行性问题
B选项: 在这个政策实施以前,没得病的人经常会说自己得病了。本选项正好会让方案达成目的,可以加强原文。属于CQ1:方案的可行性问题。
C选项:Correct. 带病坚持工作的人可能会影响很多他们的同事。若本选项成立,则会让更多的员工患病,从而可能反而减少了产量。属于CQ3:方案的否定性副作用。
D选项:在这个政策实施后,极少的员工真正的得病。本选项不符合方案的三个评估方向,其属于和方案巧合的一个背景信息。
E选项:还有很多除了员工的疾病外的影响产量的因素。本选项和方案无关。
前提已经限制死了==》不能够随意去看医生(除非重病),A等于在反驳一个正确的前提
A sick的这波人原来不看医生直接请假,现在新政策出来之后不得不去看医生了。。。并不会导致生病的人数增多
so sick that they had to go to a doctor
严重到要看医生
A. 以前不看医生也能请病假,现在必须看医生才能请病假,所以去看医生的员工多了。但这并不能说明现在因病假缺席的人数比以前多
e.g. 以前轻病不看医生直接病假,重病才看医生;现在有些得了轻病想请病假的就得去看医生了,所以看医生的员工增加,但请病假的员工总数未必增加
C. Employees coming into work when sick often 【infect】 many of their coworkers.
由于新规,有些以前轻病不去看医生可以直接请病假不来上班的,现在得了轻病不看医生的话也得正常上班,新规导致带病上班的人数增加了,而疾病会传染给其他员工,增加患病率,导致productivity下降
一定是现在看医生的人比原来声称自己病了的人(无论是看医生还是没看医生)要多,productivity才会下降
A选项只说现在看医生的人比原来看医生的人多,但有可能原来不看医生就说自己病了的人更多,无法解释
due to reported employee illnesses had increased
个人认为不是方案推理,方案推理的评估方向在这里用得勉强。用因果推理,找到影响productivity变多的原因,只能有一个:就是生病的人数多了,而不是“更频繁去看医生”。
Corporation X implemented a new policy requiring employees to come into work unless they were so sick that they had to go to a doctor.
前提不仅跟医生有关,也跟疾病有关,unless they were so sick,除非他们病得很重了才可以请假。
这道题应该用常识来答?公司要有医生的病假单才能请假,到底是会导致虚假的病假单增多还是会导致人们带病上班?答:更有可能是后者。因为大多数人都是热爱工作的好青年。。
我觉得如果把过程看成 “ 不到万不得已不许看医生------由于得病看医生的反而增多” ,可以归纳为因果推理。
ab还是在否认前提,问题前提是这项举措是能够让员工在very sick的情况下才去看病的,否认前提的都不对
A选项表示方案的可行性问题,文段中提及了方案已经被implemented了,说明已经实施了这个方案,不存在可行性的问题,排除A选项,选C
其实这个政策就是到导致 员工重病才去医生,轻病不让看医生,然后轻病传染同事,过往轻病是可以请假看医生的。所以就是C 。
欢迎批评指正
18.10.15 though employees went to see doctors more frequently,their degree of ill health report ed by their doctors usually too slight to reach the policy standards:”so sick that they had to go to a doctor.therefore employees coming into work when sick slightly infect many of other workers.A alone does not accounts for the failure of policy effect since the criteria in that policy is the degree of illnesses instead of whether they went to a doctor.
A错误的原因:因为要求的必须they were so sick that they had to go to a doctor才能请假,限制员工看医生的前提为:“患有不得不看医生的重病”,单纯增加A重的条件,员工生重病的概率依旧和执行新方案前一致,即不会有更多的人生重病,因而就算因一般性疾病去看医生,也不符合请假条件,故而不会增加缺勤率
因:只有生病严重到看医生才可以请假,否则都要来上班。
果:因为员工生病所导致的生产率下降程度降低。
gap:生病的员工==》上班==》生产率不受影响??
前提已经限制死了==》不能够随意去看医生(除非重病),A等于在反驳一个正确的前提
A-频率不等于数量
D-This would help to explain lower productivity losses from reported illness after the policy was implemented, not higher productivity losses
A频率增加不等于数量增加,可能原来有10个人,5个人真的看医生5个是逃避劳动装的;方案实施后,5个装病的不去看医生了,另外5个人身体越来越不好,看医生的次数更频繁了。如果是前述这种情况,则说明方案在一定程度上是可以达到目的。
方案说需要看医生才让请假,A选项中是说如果生病现在更可能说是需要看医生的,但是请病假的总人数不一定会增加。比如以前请假的有n人,现在还是这n人,有可能是小于等于n的人病情严重,但是即使所有人都说病情严重也只有n人请假,人数并没有增加。
more frequently 频率增加,不代表数量增加