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题库 / Prep2007E1-RC-11
Some historians contend that conditions in the United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights. They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war. Other scholars, however, have portrayed organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers. Clearly, these two perspectives are not easily reconcilable, but the historical reality is not reducible to one or the other.
Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority in the workplace. While union representatives often voiced this inclusive ideal, in practice unions far more often favored entrenched interests. The accelerating development of the civil rights movement following the Second World War exacerbated the unions' dilemma, forcing trade unionists to confront contradictions in their own practices.
The "unions' dilemma" mentioned in the highlighted text can best be described as the question of whether or not to
pressure management to create more skilled and high-paying positions
fight for greater union participation in management decisions
include minority workers in their membership
extend full rights and benefits to all their members
emphasize the recruitment of new members over serving the needs of current members
题目分析：
题目释义：
细节题目
考点：
支持主题（Supporting ideas）
旨在考察我们对文章细节的认知。
这个题目应该定位在“unions' dilemma”那句话之前的语句中。最重要的是读者们要知道工会面临的是一个怎么样的窘境，或为什么这是一个窘境。
选项分析：
A选项：压力管理以创造更多的更高技术和高薪的职位。这句话的依据在“promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy”这个选项属于过于片面，这个窘境是维持原状还是一视同仁，不只是更好的工作的问题。
B选项：争取让工会加入更多的管理决策中。原文中没有提到加入管理决策的问题。属于无中生有。
C选项：让少数民族的工人加入会员。在文章中没有提到让什么样子的工人加入工会的问题。
D选项：Correct。将全部的权力和好处扩展给所有的会员。这个是对第二段第一句后半句的总结。
E选项：注重新会员的招聘而不是老会员的需求。这个原文中也根本没有提及。属于无中生有。
all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority in the workplace
错选A，A选项：压力管理以创造更多的更高技术和高薪的职位。这句话的依据在“promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy”这个选项属于过于片面，这个窘境是维持原状还是一视同仁，不只是更好的工作的问题。
D选项定位：Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority
a choice between either...or....=dilemma
choice d直接概括了promoting a more inclusive approach that...(1.让所有成员有权利参与工会内部事务讨论。2.争取更有技术含量工资更好的工作。3.抵抗公共场所的经理任意施加权力）
Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions
阅读理解细节题词意理解-inclusive 全面的 inclusive right那句话的同义替换
full right的full在文章何以体现？ （不敢选D的原因）
我也是因为这个不敢选
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定位：Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority
a choice between either...or....=dilemma
choice d直接概括了promoting a more inclusive approach that...(1.让所有成员有权利参与工会内部事务讨论。2.争取更有技术含量工资更好的工作。3.抵抗公共场所的经理任意施加权力）
be reducible to 可被简化为
第一段是写some historians & other scholors 的观点
第二段作者表示，事实和前两者都不符合。工会表面上说inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to……实际上unions far more often favored entrenched interests。最后他们不得不面对这个自己造成的dilemma