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题库 / Prep2007E1-RC-12
Some historians contend that conditions in the United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights. They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war. Other scholars, however, have portrayed organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers. Clearly, these two perspectives are not easily reconcilable, but the historical reality is not reducible to one or the other.
Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority in the workplace. While union representatives often voiced this inclusive ideal, in practice unions far more often favored entrenched interests. The accelerating development of the civil rights movement following the Second World War exacerbated the unions' dilemma, forcing trade unionists to confront contradictions in their own practices.
According to the passage, the historians mentioned in the first highlighted portion of text and the scholars mentioned in the second highlighted portion disagree about the
contribution made by organized labor to the war effort during the Second World War
issues that union members considered most important during the Second World War
relationship between unions and African Americans during the Second World War
effect of the Second World War on the influence of unions in the workplace
extent to which African Americans benefited from social and political changes following the Second World War
题目分析：
题目释义：
细节题目
考点：
支持主题（Supporting ideas）
旨在考察我们对文章细节的认知
这个题目如果没仔细看懂文章的话还是有些难度的，相信大家在“七经八脉”中已经看懂文章的意思了，这里不做赘述了。
选项分析：
A选项：工会对于二战战争的贡献。 在文中作者并没有讨论工会的贡献，文中也没有涉及。这个选型较易排除。
B选项：工会成员认为二战时最重要的那些事情。 这个也较易排除，文中没有涉及工会成员认为重要的事，而是一个简单的叙述。
C选项：Correct。二战时期美国黑人和工会的关系。在“文章分析”中已经提及了这个答案。此处我就不赘述了哈~
D选项：二战对工会工作场所的影响。 这个选项有一定迷惑性。因为文章第一段两种历史学家的矛盾点可以解释为在二战的影响上（一个认为有影响，另一个认为没有影响）。但是“workplace”在文中并没有提到，也就是说这个影响不是在工会的工作场所这个问题上的。
E选项：黑人在二战中获得的社会和法律的利益的程度。这个选项较易排除， 不过要注意，这个很容易用我们的常识来推出来。大家读了那么多Gmat的文章，涉及到黑人权益的很多，所以把这个很容易当成背景知识或者是常识。要小心不要引入外部知识。
organized labor就是union
前者认为“这个战时联盟促进了the cause of civil right，但在战后的覆灭，使战后的民权运动失去了机会”
后者认为“工会至始至终（all along）都是白人至上主义”
故区别在于是二战时期对于非裔美国人的态度，前者是认为alliance但随后破灭，后者是认为根本就没有过结盟
D. 二战对工会工作”场所“的影响，错误
我觉得d错在Scholars没有谈到二战对union的影响，而只是泛泛说union 一直以来都是支持白人privilege的。
这里要注意organized labor
organized labor就是union；Some historians contend that conditions in the United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights某些历史学家认为二战后美国的这种环境促使贸易公会与非裔美国人群体的动态战时联盟，这种联盟使得市民权开始产生。
have portrayed organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers. 学者则认为有组织的劳动者是为了维护相对黑种工人的白种工人的高地位。
emm这道题选错了，我选的D，原因是因为我觉得第一段的分歧是：一些人认为union和黑人群体的aiiance是有利于民权思想建立的，而另一些人认为这个aliance只是一个虚假的口号，其最终维护的还是白人的利益，并且这种观点在第二段中还得到了作证。是不是分歧更应该是这个aliance对社会发展的影响，而不是单纯的union和黑人群体的关系上？？？个人认为C选项有点不太好...但我也没选到我觉得最optimal的选项......
第二段提到了workplace 啊！
organized labor就是union啊，哦买噶！！！第一句话是说工会和黑人关系很好，第二句话是说工会只维护高等白人的权利！！！！！直指c选项！！！！！
an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights.促进了民权事业的联盟，advance，将……提前；cause，事业，目标
They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war. 他们总结道：联盟建立了一个机会为公民权。
defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers ，捍卫白皮肤工人的特权，defend sb/sth捍卫某人，defend sb against sth，保护某人免遭某事
对于同义词的理解不到位
老师，请问七经八脉在哪里
我也想知道
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Some historians contend that conditions in the United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights
某些历史学家认为二战后美国的这种环境促使贸易公会与非裔美国人群体的动态战时联盟，这种联盟使得市民权开始产生。
have portrayed organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers.
学者则认为有组织的劳动者是为了维护相对黑种工人的白种工人的高地位。
historian:gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community,
scholar :defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers
in the workplace 状语，缩小了描述范围。
文章里只highlight了一次啊，where is the "second highlighted portion"?
Some historians: Alliance between Trade Unions and African Americans /Civil rights during WW2
Others:Organised labor was used to promote the White Labourers rights during WW2.