C,不能用as in other countries的原因是:前面是个否定句,never evolved,谓语动词完全省略,意思会变成Linking arrangements never evolved in USA as (they never evolved) in other countries.
Linking arrangements never evolved in USA as they did in other countries,did指代evolved,则不会有歧义。
同样的例子还有:The scientists would have to know more about the problem than they do now. 如果省略they do,than now,会变成have to know more than they have to know now,但现在做的并不是have to know,不得不了解,二是已经了解。
谓语动词能否省略,取决于将前面句子谓语动词+谓语动词的时态/语态继承过来以后,被省略句子是否逻辑合理。
among/between
among 用于三者或三者以上的“在…之间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词。among通常不与and连用。如:
He is the youngest among the wealthy .
My grandparents are traveling among a group of tourists.
between指在二者之间,有时与and 连用
There is a river between us。我们两个人之间隔着一条河。
nonzero
include本身是动词,可以单独做谓语,只是“,including”是定语而不是伴随状语是一种特殊用法。如:
The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
Does the price include tax?
Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
也可以用included,如:Many runners, myself included, are loners.
长难句理解:sb incur a cost/charge/fee,面临一笔费用。interest expense incurred by the fund=the fund incur an interest expense,基金面临一笔利息支出
despite介词+名词,只有despite/in spite of the fact that,没有despite/in spite of that+从句
画Venn图,在所有买了东西,且35岁以下的人群中,有30%是订阅者,其余不是,E正确
China has a population of 1.3 billion, which is less in USA. 如果是which/where 这种定语从句连接词,则不一定是同物指代,也可以指代名词中的一部分。
如:Electricity is installed in 1 percent of homes, where lighting is mainly provided by candles.这里where指代1 percent of homes里的homes,而不是指代整个名词。
the age of eighteen是一个整体,18做定语,限定age。it指代被18限定的age。
it/they同物指代,整体指代。看it到底指代哪串名词,看名词后是否带了定语。如:
The population in China is 1.3 billion, but the population in USA is much less. in China 做population的定语,后面不能用it指代,来表述美国的人口。
The population is 1.3 billion in China, but it is much less in USA. 这里in China做状语,先行词是the population,可以用it来指代,表述美国的人口如何如何。
在企业采购中,竞争审查通常仅限于与最终产品直接相关的产品的供应商。对于与生产无直接关系的“间接”采购(如计算机、广告和法律服务),公司通常倾向于“供应商合作”(即买方放弃寻求其他供应商的权利的安排)。这可能不恰当地保护供应商免受严格的竞争审查,而竞争审查可能会给采购商带来经济杠杆。有两个独立的变量:替代品的可获得性和更换供应商的难易程度,企业应利用这两个变量来评估将间接采购的供应商置于竞争审查之下的可行性。这可能会造成四种情况。
并没有说SP在direct的时候不适用,
C,A fly as many as 20 percent more hours than B,或 A fly as many as 7 more hours than B
fly more hours per month, as much as 20 percent,than B。将 as much as 20 percent看成同位语,补充说明more hours per month,到底more了多少;
as much as 改成as many as,2数字可以指代名词,20%是单数还是复数看它指代的名词是单数还是复数。20% hours是复数。
be dated to X ago; be dated at X old;
to做介词,通常表示方向,接数字时,表示达到某个数值点。如:the revenue has grew to 60 million,增长并且触及到6000万这个点。
X ago是一个时间点,类似于在x ago这个时间点,这个东西啪的一下就诞生了,用to;x old更倾向于是一个状态,用at
原来的情况:weekly income adequate but not always uniform,意味着原来的工作量OK,单价OK,但是收入起伏很大,因为是按照实际工作小时数结算费用,所以个别星期因为家长的原因没有做满小时数的话,收入就下降。
诉求:weekly income both uniform and adequate,意味着不修改每小时的charge rate(排除D)也不额外增加工作量(排除AE),使每个星期的收入比较平稳(C的话还要增加资本投入,无助于使收入平滑),B就很明显了,跟客户报个打包一口价,预计一周40小时每小时X元,你因为各种原因不送孩子来不关我事,我也收40X元
Halley's comet cause such a worldwide sensation In no other historical sighting as in its return in 1910–1911
=Halley's comet doesn't cause such a worldwide sensation In any other historical sighting as in its return in 1910–1911。
其实是一个not such/as的比较结构,因为前面的比较对象带了比较的范围,所以后面的被比较对象可以省略,只保留范围状语。
E,had表示在19世纪之前,少于1%的家庭有电。而前一个主句是说:在19世纪末这个时间点,重要的公共场所有电。
逻辑上,重要的公共场所有电和99%的家庭没电是同一时点不同物质的状态,应该用同样的时态,而不是用表示一者在另一者之前发生的had时态。
举一个让西方商业专家相信某种商业实践价值的具体案例
D,as是从属连词,不是并列连词,省略主语时,要接to to/doing/done作伴随状语,而不能直接接动词
E,by A and B, as well as by C.将A和B视同一个整体,=by A, as well as by B.
not only/but,not only/also,not only没有but也可以表示不仅/也
but also或but单独用,没有not only不能表示也。but单独用表示转折。
A,the balls found at…… and the representations found at ……attest,完美平行,逻辑清晰
D,the finding of balls and the painting found at ……attest, 逻辑被整得稀碎
主语和谓语动词能否省略,只保留时间/范围状语等,取决于将前句的谓语动词+谓语动词的时态/语态/肯定否定式平移过来后,被省略句的逻辑是否合理。特殊情况:如果前后都有时间状语,比较不同的时间下的情况,可以省略主谓只保留时间状语,不管时态是否一致。