Extensive research has shown that the effects of short-term price promotions on sales are themselves short-term. Companies' hopes that promotions might have a positive aftereffect have not been borne out for reasons that researchers have been able to identify. A price promotion entices only a brand's long-term or "loyal" customers; people seldom buy an unfamiliar brand merely because the price is reduced. They simply avoid paying more than they have to when one of their customary brands is temporarily available at a reduced price. A price promotion does not increase the number of long-term customers of a brand, as it attracts virtually no new customers in the first place. Nor do price promotions have lingering aftereffects for a brand, even negative ones such as damage to a brand's reputation or erosion of customer loyalty, as is often feared.
So why do companies spend so much on price promotions? Clearly price promotions are generally run at a loss, otherwise there would be more of them. And the bigger the increase in sales at promotion prices, the bigger the loss. While short-term price promotions can have legitimate uses, such as reducing excess inventory, it is the recognizable increase in sales that is their main attraction to management, which is therefore reluctant to abandon this strategy despite its effect on the bottom line.
The passage suggests that evidence for price promotions' "effect on the bottom line" (see highlighted text) is provided by
the lack of lingering aftereffects from price promotions
the frequency with which price promotions occur
price promotions' inability to attract new customers
price promotions' recognizable effect on sales
the legitimate uses to which management can put price promotions
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正确答案是 D:Price promotions recognizable effect on sales。
这是因为文章中指出,价格促销对销售量的影响是比较明显的,尽管价格促销本身并不会在长期内产生积极的效果,但它仍然吸引了许多短期客户。由此可以看出,价格促销是有明显影响的,因此D选项是正确选项。
2.ABC其实都是,🥚AC首先不好成为evidence,其次文章没有像B一样明确提出可以通过这样的frequency来推测PP run at a loss
2While short-term price promotions can have legitimate uses, such as reducing excess inventory, it is the recognizable increase in sales that is their main attraction to management, which is therefore reluctant to abandon this strategy despite its effect on the bottom line. 尽管(while)价格促销有些许好处,但是长期可辨认的销售增长才是对管理的主要吸引,尽管(therefore)管理层不情愿(reluctant)放弃这个战略,即使这个战略(despite)对底线产生了(不好)影响。
3.什么样的证据能证明价格促销对底线产生影响-----底线(销售的长期可辨增长)----clearly PP run at loss----因为otherwise would be more
然后我就觉得没有一个选项是对的……
原文:Clearly price promotions are generally run at a loss, otherwise there would be more of them.
开展价格促销活动是有成本的,否则公司会开展更多价格促销活动。
开展价格促销活动是有成本的,否则公司会开展更多价格促销活动。
题目问的是:价格促销活动,会对“bottom line 有影响” 的依据是什么。
(business 商) the amount of money that is a profit or a loss after everything has been calculated
• 最终赢利(或亏损);损益表底线:
»The bottom line for 2004 was a pre-tax profit of £85 million.
【A,C不在定位点内】
【D,E是 管理层reluctant to abandon this strategy的证据】
排除后选B
Clearly price promotions are generally run at a loss, otherwise there would be more of them.
开展价格促销活动是有成本的,否则公司会开展更多价格促销活动。
题目问的是:价格促销活动,会对“bottom line 有影响” 的依据是什么。
bottom line 就是盈亏平衡的底线,原文说了开展价格促销活动会增加成本,从而对bottom line影响;如果没有成本,那公司就会开展更多的价格促销活动,
所以价格促销活动的数量和频率 - loss 的变化 - bottom line的影响
【A,C出现在第一段,不在定位点内】
question: 题目问什么能证明价格战是影响底限(利润)的? 很明显是促销的频率(因为如果不影响利润,价格战的频率会更高)
Clearly price promotions are generally run at a loss, otherwise there would be more of them.