Extensive research has shown that the effects of short-term price promotions on sales are themselves short-term. Companies' hopes that promotions might have a positive aftereffect have not been borne out for reasons that researchers have been able to identify. A price promotion entices only a brand's long-term or "loyal" customers; people seldom buy an unfamiliar brand merely because the price is reduced. They simply avoid paying more than they have to when one of their customary brands is temporarily available at a reduced price. A price promotion does not increase the number of long-term customers of a brand, as it attracts virtually no new customers in the first place. Nor do price promotions have lingering aftereffects for a brand, even negative ones such as damage to a brand's reputation or erosion of customer loyalty, as is often feared.

So why do companies spend so much on price promotions? Clearly price promotions are generally run at a loss, otherwise there would be more of them. And the bigger the increase in sales at promotion prices, the bigger the loss. While short-term price promotions can have legitimate uses, such as reducing excess inventory, it is the recognizable increase in sales that is their main attraction to management, which is therefore reluctant to abandon this strategy despite its effect on the bottom line.

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The passage suggests that evidence for price promotions' "effect on the bottom line" (see highlighted text) is provided by


the lack of lingering aftereffects from price promotions

the frequency with which price promotions occur

price promotions' inability to attract new customers

price promotions' recognizable effect on sales

the legitimate uses to which management can put price promotions

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正确答案是 D：Price promotions recognizable effect on sales。
这是因为文章中指出，价格促销对销售量的影响是比较明显的，尽管价格促销本身并不会在长期内产生积极的效果，但它仍然吸引了许多短期客户。由此可以看出，价格促销是有明显影响的，因此D选项是正确选项。

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