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题库 / OG2016-SC-77
While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity.
While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity.
While the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants, the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants make the electricity they generate more expensive.
Even though it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes the electricity they generate more expensive.
It costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, whereas the electricity they generate is more expensive, stemming from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants.
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants, but the electricity they generate is made more expensive because of the fixed costs stemming from building nuclear plants.
题目分析：
本题较长，结构和从句都较多，需要大家耐心把句子看懂。
选项分析：
A选项：本选项中第一个it是一个形式主语，指代身后的不定式短语to run nuclear plants，还原为正常语序则有：
to run nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants.
在逻辑上，costs about the same as other types of power plants的主语不能是不定式短语，而应该是名词短语，即，
Running nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants
其考查了“不定式和ing的区别”。用之于本题，显然是在讨论运营核电站这件客观事实需要花费多少，而不是主观的某个人或团体运营核电站的情况，因此应该用ing短语。
另外，定语从句that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity的身前都是复数名词，所以其没有合理的修饰对象。
最后请注意一个没有错误的地方。状语从句the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants中的比较对象是没有任何问题的。这是一个省略现象，补全则有：
the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as the cost for other types of power plants.
这里的for基本上代替了of running，不直接用of是因为running也省略了。如果直接是of的话，会被认为是其它核电站的成本，而非运营成本。
B选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项：to run nuclear plants 错误同(A)；makes错误同(A)。
D选项：to run nuclear plants 错误同(A)；另外，本选项中stemming from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants是the electricity they generate is more expensive的伴随状语（根据状语的就近修饰原则），所以stem的逻辑主语是the electricity，这是不正确的。在逻辑上，源自于建造核电站的固定成本的（stem from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants ）应该是“电能更贵”这件事，而不是电能（the electricity）本身。
E选项：比较对象不对等。在逻辑上具有same关系的应该是“运营核电站的成本”和“运营其它类型电站的成本”，因此应该用The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that of other types of power plants。
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as the cost of running other types of power plants.正确
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as “that” of running other types of power plants.正确
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as (that) “for” other types of power plants.”正确
另外通过make/makes主谓一致便可以排除AC，且D选项为electricity stem from fixed cost错误；E选项electricity is made more expensive这个被动语态很不舒服，错误
E 比较对象不对
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GMATCLUB: A
There are three of those non-referential pronouns in the sentence! Both “…it is the fixed costs…” and “makes it more expensive” have non-referential versions of “it.” I can’t call them DEFINITE errors, but I can’t imagine that a correct GMAT sentence would have THREE non-referential pronouns.
And there’s a wonderfully serious mistake in (A). “…the fixed costs… makes it more expensive…” That’s a clear subject-verb error.
1. 若发生不定式和ing转换的是主语或者表语，则判断标准细化为：不定式表示说话者（当变化部分是主语时）或主语（当变化部分是表语时）能控制其发生与否的事件；ing表示说话者或主语无法控制其发生与否的事件。例如：
(1) To prepare GMAT took a long time.
(2) Preparing GMAT took a long time.
句(1)的意思是：说话者“准备GMAT”花了很长时间，不代表是公众的现象，仅就个人而说。因此，“准备GMAT”这个事件的发生与否是可以被说话人控制的。句(2)的意思是：准备GMAT这个事件花费了很长的时间。这句话并不仅针对某个人或某个团体而说，而是针对广大群众的，讲的是这个事件本身就会花很久的事件，不论是谁来做。因此，“准备GMAT”这个事件的发生与否可以说是不被说话人所控制的。
又例如：
(3) The plan is to kill him.
(4) **The plan is killing him.
句(3)是正确的，因为plan可以控制“杀他”这个事件的发生与否；句(4)是错误的。
因为the same as不是more than或者as as的这种正式的规范用法，这里比较对象中的that可以省去。
B选项中，拿cost of running nuclear plants和for other types相比是可以的，因为这里不是那么正式的语法，且至少给出了介词for代表前面可能省略了cost，起码不是拿cost和other types相比，而是cost和other types的什么什么东西相比，这个for起了一个暗示作用；而E选项中没有这样的一个介词for，用of也会产生一些小歧义。
主谓不一致还可能出现在：定从的谓语动词单复数与先行词单复数
A选项，固定成本fixed costs使它们产生的电力更加昂贵，makes单复数错误。
B选项，正确
C选项，错同A
D选项，they指代不清
E选项，The cost of... is about the same as... power plants,比较对象不可比
A和B，makes错误。make的主语是fixed costs，make要用复数形式。
D：stemming from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants做状语，修饰前面的whereas the electricity they generate is more expensive, 主语是the electricity， 语义错误。
E：比较对象不对等。The cost of running nuclear plants应该和the cost of other types of power plants做比较。
状语从句the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants中的比较对象是没有任何问题的。这是一个省略现象，补全则有：
the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as the cost for other types of power plants.
这里的for基本上代替了of running，不直接用of是因为running也省略了。如果直接是of的话，会被认为是其它核电站的成本，而非运营成本。
这里的for基本上代替了of running，不直接用of是因为running也省略了。如果直接是of的话，会被认为是其它核电站的成本，而非运营成本。
Stem from 起源于
1.主谓一致，划线部分每一个动词都应该找到对应的主语并确认单复数
2.对比对象对等（E选项为什么不能补齐The cost of running other types of power plants??）疑惑
3.伴随状语的逻辑主语是否正确
想问一下D为什么stemming from 是伴随状语 不是结果状语？？
结果状语应该发生在主干之后吧，stemming from从逻辑上应该是发生在主干之前的。
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C错误，不定式不能在该句里做形式主语；D最后的伴随状语就近修饰原则，逻辑主语不对：
E对比对象不对等。
A选项it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的to run nuclear plants，正常语序为：to run nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants. 主语为不定式不对，应为Running nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants. Run nulcear plants这个事件的发生与否可以说是不被说话人所控制的，讨论的是客观事实需要花费多少，应用ing；
另外，最后的定语从句里的make it more。。。里it单数指代不明，前面出现的名词都是复数名词，错误。
E的比较对象不对等，应该用The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that of other types of power plants。
只是这里不能用不定式短语做主语
😓
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不定式短语不能做主语！！！！！！
还原为正常语序则有：to run nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants。 costs about the same as other types of power plants的主语不能是不定式短语，而应该是名词短语，ACD排除
E的比较对象不平等
从句中省略了cost,cost后可以跟不同的介词、修饰，只要比较对象平行就可以了
sc
比较对等
（the cost of running） nuclear plants is about the same as（ the cost for ）other types of power plants.-》（the cost of running） nuclear plants is about the same as （for） other types of power plants,
这里的for基本上代替了of running，不直接用of是因为running也省略了。直接加 as other types 是不对的，因为比的是cost，比较不对等，as for other types/as the cost for other types 正确
1. 若发生不定式和ing转换的是主语或者表语，则判断标准细化为：不定式表示说话者（当变化部分是主语时）或主语（当变化部分是表语时）能控制其发生与否的事件；ing表示说话者或主语无法控制其发生与否的事件。例如：
(1) To prepare GMAT took a long time.
(2) Preparing GMAT took a long time.
句(1)的意思是：说话者“准备GMAT”花了很长时间，不代表是公众的现象，仅就个人而说。因此，“准备GMAT”这个事件的发生与否是可以被说话人控制的。句(2)的意思是：准备GMAT这个事件花费了很长的时间。这句话并不仅针对某个人或某个团体而说，而是针对广大群众的，讲的是这个事件本身就会花很久的事件，不论是谁来做。因此，“准备GMAT”这个事件的发生与否可以说是不被说话人所控制的。
又例如：
(3) The plan is to kill him.
(4) **The plan is killing him.
句(3)是正确的，因为plan可以控制“杀他”这个事件的发生与否；句(4)是错误的。