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题库 / OG2016-SC-77
While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity.
While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity.
While the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants, the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants make the electricity they generate more expensive.
Even though it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes the electricity they generate more expensive.
It costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, whereas the electricity they generate is more expensive, stemming from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants.
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants, but the electricity they generate is made more expensive because of the fixed costs stemming from building nuclear plants.
题目分析：
本题较长，结构和从句都较多，需要大家耐心把句子看懂。
选项分析：
A选项：本选项中第一个it是一个形式主语，指代身后的不定式短语to run nuclear plants，还原为正常语序则有：
to run nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants.
在逻辑上，costs about the same as other types of power plants的主语不能是不定式短语，而应该是名词短语，即，
Running nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants
其考查了“不定式和ing的区别”。用之于本题，显然是在讨论运营核电站这件客观事实需要花费多少，而不是主观的某个人或团体运营核电站的情况，因此应该用ing短语。
另外，定语从句that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity的身前都是复数名词，所以其没有合理的修饰对象。
最后请注意一个没有错误的地方。状语从句the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants中的比较对象是没有任何问题的。这是一个省略现象，补全则有：
the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as the cost for other types of power plants.
这里的for基本上代替了of running，不直接用of是因为running也省略了。如果直接是of的话，会被认为是其它核电站的成本，而非运营成本。
B选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项：to run nuclear plants 错误同(A)；makes错误同(A)。
D选项：to run nuclear plants 错误同(A)；另外，本选项中stemming from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants是the electricity they generate is more expensive的伴随状语（根据状语的就近修饰原则），所以stem的逻辑主语是the electricity，这是不正确的。在逻辑上，源自于建造核电站的固定成本的（stem from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants ）应该是“电能更贵”这件事，而不是电能（the electricity）本身。
E选项：比较对象不对等。在逻辑上具有same关系的应该是“运营核电站的成本”和“运营其它类型电站的成本”，因此应该用The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that of other types of power plants。
“不定式和ing的区别”！
it 如果在主语位置， 并且身后是不定式、动名词、或者从句时， it是形式主语； 或者用于使役动词身后（make /have/leave等）
the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants是一个省略现象，补全则有： the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as the cost for other types of power plants. 这里的for基本上代替了of running，不直接用of是因为running也省略了。如果直接是of的话，会被认为是其它核电站的成本，而非运营成本。
答案可以通过［比较对象平行］直接选出B
一些没有关注到的判断点：to run costs the same xxx是错误表达，应该要用ing形式表示一件事情
makes说的是前面的costs，不能用单数应该用复数
B和E中：B、the same as for other types of power plants✅，for前省略了costs／E、the same as other types of power plants❌［应该是as those of other types of xxx］
stem from来源于，起源于
考察
语意的简介明了，it形式主语在对比b直接主语cost时明显wordy--> it is the costs ... that make(s)” VS “the costs make"
e比较对象不对等“The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that of other types of power plants。”
the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as the cost for other types of power plants.
这里的for基本上代替了of running，不直接用of是因为running也省略了。如果直接是of的话，会被认为是其它核电站的成本，而非运营成本。
B: 前半句 is about the same as for other types of power plants， 里面的for是必要的，the cost of doing；the cost for sth
另外，不用纠结they的指代，从句意上可以判断they指代的是nuclear plants，没有歧义的
it is X that does Y
this construction should be used only when there is a compelling reason to emphasize the X, but here is no good reason to use it.
这题可以通过make的单复数ac吧？
比较对象要一致，B是省略了
A选项这个比较结构也是可以接受的，因为不产生歧义，拿一个动作和一个名词比较，暗示了省略，不会产生歧义。E选项比较结构错误不能接受的原因是比较双方都是名词，但肉眼可见地不可比，那么一定是错误的
那为什么B中不是as that for other types of power plants? 而直接用as for ...?
语意：尽管成本A如何如何，（但）成本B如何如何
c的they指的是the other plants
A选项：辨别倒装句发现，应该是ing作主语而不是不定式作主语，在讨论运营核电站这件客观事实需要花费多少，而不是主观的某个人或团体运营核电站的情况，因此应该用ing短语
D选项：stem就近修饰electricity，是“电能更贵”这件事源于固定成本，而不是“电能”本身源于固定成本。
E选项：句子开头前后比较的对象不对等
1. the same as : 要注意 比較對象要同類
2. 主動一致性 makes vs make
3. while but 核心轉移
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/a1UcjwfJ2H6WccxpqxGlxA?
这道题比较花时间，在于大量的主语及代词的前后指代的一致性问题，确实需要足够的耐心把所有的内容读懂，如何提高这样的题目的做题效率。
句子的完整性
读句子的时候一定要把句子耐心看完，不要看到前面有明显的提示就放弃看后面的或者看的草草了事。
A选项的that让it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity.表达意思不完整。