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题库 / OG2016-SC-77
While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity.
While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity.
While the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants, the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants make the electricity they generate more expensive.
Even though it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes the electricity they generate more expensive.
It costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, whereas the electricity they generate is more expensive, stemming from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants.
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants, but the electricity they generate is made more expensive because of the fixed costs stemming from building nuclear plants.
题目分析：
本题较长，结构和从句都较多，需要大家耐心把句子看懂。
选项分析：
A选项：本选项中第一个it是一个形式主语，指代身后的不定式短语to run nuclear plants，还原为正常语序则有：
to run nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants.
在逻辑上，costs about the same as other types of power plants的主语不能是不定式短语，而应该是名词短语，即，
Running nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants
其考查了“不定式和ing的区别”。用之于本题，显然是在讨论运营核电站这件客观事实需要花费多少，而不是主观的某个人或团体运营核电站的情况，因此应该用ing短语。
另外，定语从句that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity的身前都是复数名词，所以其没有合理的修饰对象。
最后请注意一个没有错误的地方。状语从句the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants中的比较对象是没有任何问题的。这是一个省略现象，补全则有：
the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as the cost for other types of power plants.
这里的for基本上代替了of running，不直接用of是因为running也省略了。如果直接是of的话，会被认为是其它核电站的成本，而非运营成本。
B选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项：to run nuclear plants 错误同(A)；makes错误同(A)。
D选项：to run nuclear plants 错误同(A)；另外，本选项中stemming from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants是the electricity they generate is more expensive的伴随状语（根据状语的就近修饰原则），所以stem的逻辑主语是the electricity，这是不正确的。在逻辑上，源自于建造核电站的固定成本的（stem from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants ）应该是“电能更贵”这件事，而不是电能（the electricity）本身。
E选项：比较对象不对等。在逻辑上具有same关系的应该是“运营核电站的成本”和“运营其它类型电站的成本”，因此应该用The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that of other types of power plants。
其考查了“不定式和ing的区别”。用之于本题，显然是在讨论运营核电站这件客观事实需要花费多少，而不是主观的某个人或团体运营核电站的情况，因此应该用ing短语。
E选项：比较对象不对等。在逻辑上具有same关系的应该是“运营核电站的成本”和“运营其它类型电站的成本”，因此应该用The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that of other types of power plants。
relative judgements:
AC:it is the costs ... that make(s)” VS “the costs make"
E: is made more expensive VS is more expensive; made expensive because of the cost stemming from VS made expensive by the cost stemming (still awkward)
懂了~说成核电站的其他成本，更好理解
什么是会被认为是其他核电站的成本，而非运营成本
不定式和ing的区别，makes单复数错误，没有合理修饰对象
不定式，ving，从句的区别
不定式，ing，从句的区别就是
to do和doing作主语的区别
为什么A项的第二个it（making it more expensive）不是形式主语？
C: This choice again represents an illogical comparison. The omitted part here is “it costs for running”. Now, since “running” is not already used in the sentence, it can’t be omitted. Note that, in ellipsis the omitted words need to be present somewhere else in the sentence.
好像明白了，应该是就算是修饰句子的主语和动词，也要在逻辑上和主语的关系是正确的吧
D选项的stemming from不可以看做是做前面the electricity句子的伴随状语，然后表示的是因果关系？是修饰前面那个句子的，这个跟常见的“,ving"做伴随状语有什么不同？为什么说逻辑主语不对呢
做对了 时间花费太长
在曼哈顿上cost of 和cost to 是不一样的，前者表示……的价格，后者表示……要付的成本。做这个题的时候我把cost to 和cost for记混了，首先用这个知识点排除选项以至于犯了大错。
for代替of doing
1.for代替of running
2.形式主语
3.不定式和doing
毕老师对这道题的解答很漂亮！赞一下！虽然，凭借大量阅读得出的预感，我选对了。
to do something指代在语境范畴内这次做的这件事情更具体，doing something指代这类事情本身更宽泛
A选项：the fixed costs --makes it more...不符合主谓一致原则；
C选项：同A
D选项：去掉for;stemming from ...的主语是the electricity,与文意不符；
E选项：The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that of other types of power plants。比较对象不对等
就近修饰原则不应该是 more expensive嘛？
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E.Be made more expensive because of 是不是应该用by而不是because of。