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题库 / Prep2008E1-SC-255
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
Executives' being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
题目分析：
be committed to是一个习惯用语，意思是：致力于、献身于。例如：We will consistently be committed to providing our customers with cost-effective products. （我们致力于为客户提供具备竞价比的产品）
选项分析：
A选项：本选项中的第二个it是形式主语，指代likely身后的不定式短语to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them。第一个it是纯粹的代词，指代a course of action。从代词指代对象这个角度来说，本选项没有错误（当然，这里的it用one来替代是更好的，详见：代词）。请注意，在一个句子中（GMAT句子改错的考题都是一个句子，所以可以认为在一道句子改错的题目中），只有当两个以上的it（its）或they（them/their）均为真正代词（非形式主语），我们才需要保证它们指代同一个名词。本选项的主要错误在于，heavy commitment是一个纯名词，但其应该改为being heavily committed这一动名词短语。这点考查了“名词和ing的区别”。用之于本题，“过分致力于之前的行为”这个事件在本句中没有时间终止点。（本句只讲了这件事的后果是让人错失掉危机的先兆，但我们并不能从句中读出“过分致力于之前的行为”是否会有终止点）
B选项：本选项的谓语动词make不正确。主语是an executive。在逻辑上，执行者应该是自己更容易错失掉trouble，而不应该是使（make）错失掉trouble变得更加可能。
C选项：especially if it has worked well in the past是条件状语。状语和定语均属于修饰成分，均具有就近修饰的原则。本选项中距离这个条件状语最近的句子是when they do appear。但是，在逻辑上，该条件状语应该是be committed to的修饰语。
D选项：本选项中的宾格代词them的指代对象是executives。本选项的意思为：执行者的致力于某一种行动方针的做法让执行者错过一些困难的征兆成为了可能。通读中文即可发现本选项的写法较为“啰嗦”。实际上，第一个所有格定语（Executives’）是赘余的。这是因为，让执行者错误问题，肯定是执行者自己致力于某种行动方针。
E选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。此处being heavily committed to a course of action是一个被动语态的动名词短语。
第二遍错了 还是语义理解的不到位
a it 指代
b制造signs不合逻辑
c it指代
d miss 和 misinterpert 不平行
错选c，og上对c的解释是‘especially if it has worked well in the past‘ it 指代不明.
曼哈顿第75页说’an adverbial modifier points to the right verb or clause as long as it is not structurally closer to some other verb or clause. an adverbial modifier dose not necessarily have to be placed as close as possible to what it modifies'
关于a选项，简化：commitment makes it likely to miss signs of ....
换语序变成：commitment makes to miss signs of... likely
这样看it不就是作为宾语，叫做形式宾语吗？
状语和定语均属于修饰成分，均具有就近修饰的原则。本选项中距离这个条件状语最近的句子是when they do appear。但是，在逻辑上，该条件状语应该是be committed to的修饰语。
请注意，在一个句子中（GMAT句子改错的考题都是一个句子，所以可以认为在一道句子改错的题目中），只有当两个以上的it（its）或they（them/their）均为真正代词（非形式主语），我们才需要保证它们指代同一个名词。
E中主语是被动语态的动名词短语(gerund)记住这个
A选项，如果用抽象名词commitment 则与后面likely冲突，已经完成的动作一定是知晓后果的，不再是可能不可能的问题。
A选项：被动结构造成wordy and confusing; makes it。。。中的it指代模糊；heavy commitment是一个纯名词，但其应该改为being heavily committed；
B选项：本选项的谓语动词make不正确。主语是an executive。在逻辑上，什么事情使执行者容易错失掉trouble
C选项：it指代不清楚；应该紧跟在要修饰的名词后面：a course of action
D选项：miss和misinterpreting不平行；them 指代executives,指代不了
状语从句就近修饰
但是C很明显改变了原句的intended meaning：原句想说的是 执行官们由于过往经验而依赖于以前的解决方案的【行为】很可能导致他们blablabla。
而第三句写成了 这群依赖过往经验的执行官更加容易make 错误，特别是在xxx情况下。
两个句子意思是不一样的，侧重点不同。
be committed to是一个习惯用语，意思是：致力于、献身于。例如：We will consistently be committed to providing our customers with cost-effective products. （我们致力于为客户提供具备竞价比的产品）
A. make it likely中，it做形式主语指代身后不定式，无语法错误，但是意思模糊，不清楚到底是who is likely to miss signs... B.原句意思是heavy commitment make missing signs likely，本选项句意为executive makes missing signs likely，改变原句合理句意。
C.状语和定语均遵循就近修饰原则。especially if it has worked well in the past是条件状语，就近修饰了when they do appear，逻辑上应该修饰的是be committed to a course of action。
D. them无法指代所有格形式出现的executives；to miss& misinterpreting不平行。
错了！
A选项跟E选项辨析，是名词和ing的区分，看过分致力于之前的结果是否有时间终止点，这里我们只知道过分致力于之前策略的后果，但是不知道这个行为是否有终止点。所以选E
而且底下齐同学的解析也很好：A选项中的句意是：管理人员过于专注某个做法，使得错过初期的故障信号或者当信号出现时错误地理解他们这种情况更加可能。这里“错过”的动作发出者不明确，而E选项解决了这个问题，是管理人员错过
引申开来：it is adj...或者Make it ...to do...这种it作形式主语或形式宾语时，如果谓语动词有明确的发出者，那么这个发出者在形式主语和形式宾语中不能省略
C选项：状语从句很少跳跃修饰，expecially if it has worked well...引导的条件状语从句就近修饰when they do appear，错误
D选项中them前后的指代对象是不一样的，前面指代executives，后面指代signs，这是不正确的，在同一句话中，同一个代词要指代同一个名词，且miss和misinterpret不平行
if "being" expresses IDENTITY or CHARACTERISTICS, then kill it.
otherwise, evaluate it on the same merits as you would any other verb.
especially if it has worked well in the past是条件状语。状语和定语均属于修饰成分，均具有就近修饰的原则。本选项中距离这个条件状语最近的句子是when they do appear。但是，在逻辑上，该条件状语应该是be committed to的修饰语。
* makes it likely to miss...
this doesn't work.
technically, this would mean that "it" - an unspecified entity - is likely to miss the signs.
if you use the "it is ADJ..." construction, and the verb has a specific subject, you MUST include that subject in the construction. it is likely that the executive will miss...
A参考RON的观点感觉很实用，形式主语中谓语动词有明确的发出者那这个发出者在形式主语中不能被省略
B简化之后变成了executive makes missing...likely
C的指代问题应该是it对于 a course of action/incipient trouble 不明确
D的them没有指代对象
分析这道题简直卡懵了，指代太多了好乱啊
C中，if是条件状语，就近修饰了
A,miss和misinterpret的动作是谁发出的不知道，记住虽然非谓语动词不是谓语，但是动作发出的对象也要清楚
B, make missing感觉好像是主语导致了missing
C,it指代不清，前面的单数名词很多，an executive, a course of action
D, them指代executive，但是这里的executive是所有格形式出现，不可以用them指代。另外to miss和misinterpreting 不平行
E,miss的动作发出对象清晰。不要被being选项迷惑，这里的being是充当动名词，gmat里有being有两种用法是允许的，一是动名词，二是被动语态的进行时
C的it指代没有问题的，it优先指代主句单数主语executive，逻辑也没问题
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