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题库 / Prep2008E1-SC-255
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
Executives' being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
题目分析：
be committed to是一个习惯用语，意思是：致力于、献身于。例如：We will consistently be committed to providing our customers with cost-effective products. （我们致力于为客户提供具备竞价比的产品）
选项分析：
A选项：本选项中的第二个it是形式主语，指代likely身后的不定式短语to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them。第一个it是纯粹的代词，指代a course of action。从代词指代对象这个角度来说，本选项没有错误（当然，这里的it用one来替代是更好的，详见：代词）。请注意，在一个句子中（GMAT句子改错的考题都是一个句子，所以可以认为在一道句子改错的题目中），只有当两个以上的it（its）或they（them/their）均为真正代词（非形式主语），我们才需要保证它们指代同一个名词。本选项的主要错误在于，heavy commitment是一个纯名词，但其应该改为being heavily committed这一动名词短语。这点考查了“名词和ing的区别”。用之于本题，“过分致力于之前的行为”这个事件在本句中没有时间终止点。（本句只讲了这件事的后果是让人错失掉危机的先兆，但我们并不能从句中读出“过分致力于之前的行为”是否会有终止点）
B选项：本选项的谓语动词make不正确。主语是an executive。在逻辑上，执行者应该是自己更容易错失掉trouble，而不应该是使（make）错失掉trouble变得更加可能。
C选项：especially if it has worked well in the past是条件状语。状语和定语均属于修饰成分，均具有就近修饰的原则。本选项中距离这个条件状语最近的句子是when they do appear。但是，在逻辑上，该条件状语应该是be committed to的修饰语。
D选项：本选项中的宾格代词them的指代对象是executives。本选项的意思为：执行者的致力于某一种行动方针的做法让执行者错过一些困难的征兆成为了可能。通读中文即可发现本选项的写法较为“啰嗦”。实际上，第一个所有格定语（Executives’）是赘余的。这是因为，让执行者错误问题，肯定是执行者自己致力于某种行动方针。
E选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。此处being heavily committed to a course of action是一个被动语态的动名词短语。
对于A选项Ron的解释
* makes it likely to miss...
this doesn't work.
technically, this would mean that "it" - an unspecified entity - is likely to miss the signs.
if you use the "it is ADJ..." construction, and the verb has a specific subject, you MUST include that subject in the construction. it is likely that the executive will miss...
毕出老师，我记得之前有道题目，也是区分名词和Ing的区别的，后面出现结果了，你是因为有结果，所以时间是结点的。我感觉这样解释真的有点牵强啊，在做题目的时候根本区分不出来，有根据答案倒推的嫌疑
我也觉得区分动名词那种做法在考场上不适用
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不太理解A选项中 用之于本题，“过分致力于之前的行为”这个事件在本句中没有时间终止点（本句只讲了这件事的后果是让人错失掉危机的先兆，但我们并不能从句中读出“过分致力于之前的行为”是否会有终止点） ，提这个是作什么？
being heavily committed to a course of action这里being表同时性吗？如果表的话是合理的吗
C：'it' is ambiguous, because it could potentially refer either to 'course of action' (the intended antecedent) or to 'incipient trouble'. also note that grammatical parallelism doesn't help: both of those possible antecedents are objects of prepositions - neither is the subject of its own clause (which would thereby create parallelism with 'it', which is the subject of its clause).
MARK. E ‘especially one that has worked well in the past,...' *one 可以指代 being...做一件事
A noun 'heavy commitment' 跟E ing比还是语义上不合适
做一次错一次，每次都错选a，快成条件反射了，服气
Choice E wasn't great because of the whole "Being.." thing but C is vague. So I basically did a POE. Everything is fine until we get to "especially if it has worked in the past." The way it is phrases, we can't tell for sure what has worked in the past. Is that referring to a course of action or misinterpretation of signs of incipient trouble?
A选项主要问题不是Ing还是N的问题，是语义的问题。
A意为“管理人员过于专注某个做法，使得错过初期的故障信号或者当信号出现时错误地理解他们这种情况更加可能”，这里的“错过”的动作发起者很不明确，而E选项的则很清楚，“错过”的动作发起者就是executive，没有歧义。
og解释是it ambiguous，
对于我来说，最后筛选过后，C和E的grammer是没有错的（个人看法，至少感觉是没有什么明显的错误）。
但是C很明显改变了原句的intended meaning：原句想说的是 执行官们由于过往经验而依赖于以前的解决方案的【行为】很可能导致他们blablabla。
而第三句写成了 这群依赖过往经验的执行官更加容易make 错误，特别是在xxx情况下。
两个句子意思是不一样的，侧重点不同。
错选C，especially if it has 那句跟上一句语意跳跃了，不好，主语修饰成分的就近原则；
E里面犹豫了one的用法，one就是当指代代词，其中的一个，这里可以理解成it也对，没问题
One 不是只有多个负数中的一个吗，这个哪里来的复数？？
1.be committed to是一个习惯用语，意思是：致力于、献身于。
2.在一个句子中，只有当两个以上的it（its）或they（them/their）均为真正代词（非形式主语），我们才需要保证它们指代同一个名词。
3.名词和ING的区别。A项
4.错选B选项：主谓逻辑不一致。
B的谓语makes与主语an executive保持一致，请更正解析。
being可以做主语吗？
如果说本题用名词和ing的区别来做题比较晦涩，那不如从句意上作出选择：选项A的句子主干是heavy committment makes it likely to miss signs.很明显不符合句子真正想表达的意思，makes没有宾语，即动作的承受者。符合逻辑的句意是: committment is likely to make an executive miss signs，即选项E。所以E正确。
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A中第二个形式代词 it 无所指；如果是 it is abc that 也应该在句中包括 subject 。
Mark下理解：
考点一：平行结构 X Make Y --> 动作X[being heavily committed...] Make 动作Y[miss signs of...]
排除BCD，executives make signs of 这样违背句意逻辑
考点二：be-ing
通读全句，句意本身在于强调executives的过去的一种行为导致另一种行为的发生，所以主句主语用这个行为本身更合适，即committed to a course of action作为主句主语；而这个动作本身的逻辑主语应该是后文出现过的executives，be-ing 表面这个动作是人在做，而非自己可以发生的，符合句意。
那B选项改成：An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past,is more likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret ones likely when they do appear. 这样改对吗？？