sth be among sth,位于……中，是……之一，如：
He's among friends now. 他现在被朋友们环绕着。
A British woman was among the survivors. 幸存者中有一位英国妇女
He was among the last to leave. 他是最后离开者之一。
She was among the best writers in American during 20th .她是20世纪美国最棒的作家之一。
本题，the thread and the decline are among the challenges.表示“威胁和下降是挑战之二”。
A，the declining sales核心词是sales，挑战包括对手的威胁以及收入，错误，是收入的下降
D，倒装形式的独立主格结构，实际上是the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of the company’s powerful microprocessor chip among them,倒装可以避免头重脚轻，更重要的是among them中的them离其指代对象challenges更近。
两个并列分句中，当谓语动词为系动词或者become时，后面一句一定要省略。并且and一并省略。
还原倒装：Frances Perkins' investigations of the garment industry were so dogged, her lobbying for wage
and hour reform (was) so persistent, that Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to
work within the government, rather than as a social worker.
1) intend的固定搭配： intend的动作发出者必须是生物。
intend somebody/something to do sth.
intend to do/doing sth. （后面跟to do和ing都可以）
intend that
be intended to do sth.：被用来做某事
be intended for somebody/something：表示书、电影、药品等专为…而设计或制造。
(2) intent的固定搭配：
noun. with intent (to do sth) 注意intent前没有the
intent of doing
adj. be intent on/upon (doing) sth： to be determined to do something or achieve something
intent on/upon 专注于
Intent upon her work, she didn't notice the cold.
Intend to do 的固定搭配，发出者必须是人
所以rule is intended to
"rules intending..." is incorrect, since the rules aren't intending to do anything. rules don't have intentions, although their authors do.
this is a passive type construction. the rules are intended to do x, y, and z, so you need "intended", not "intending".
2. namely的用法十分灵活：（=that is to say, along with） . 它是副词，后面不能直接加句子
（1）补充说明前面离它最近的名词成分； e.g.: The other change, namely the increase in electronic equipment, has slowed down.
（2）补充说明句子主语； e.g.： One group of people seems to be forgotten, namely pensioners.
（3） namely后面跟从句解释前面的名词成分； e.g.: On the next trip, I solved part of the problem, but after discussing the situation with AB on the phone an alternative solution was at hand; namely, that from 1987 onwards I would spend my winters playing for Queensland.
A. * "so many ... such that" is an incorrect idiom.
the correct idiom is "so ADJ ... that", and is used to emphasize the unusual extent of ADJ. (in this case, ADJ is "many".)
B. * you need commas around the appositive modifier ("once 75 percent of the population").
* "are now accounting for" is bulky and unnecessary (especially vs. "account for" in the other choices).
C. * most obvious problem: you can't use "which" for people.
* the "that" at the beginning is ungrammatical.
* "such that" doesn't make sense.
in fact, i don't think you should pick a sentence with "such that" in one piece. I would be suspicious of any sentence that has "such that" IN ONE PIECE.
"such NOUN that" is a perfectly respectable construction in formal English though.
the ONLY non-awkward, correct sentences i've seen with "such that" are sentences about math or physics (e.g., "choose x and y such that x + y = 10").
D. * same problem with "such that".
* "only" is misplaced. the purpose is to show that 1/2 is a smaller fraction than before, so "only" should be placed directly before "half".
E. correct.
* it's idiomatic "so many ... that"
* and everything else is ok, too.
A. 将small cars的now和at any time相比较，现在的小车和其他时候的该小车做比较，但应该将today's small cars和small cars at any other time做比较的。at any time并没有剔除掉Today的时间点。today和now重复
B. they指代的就是前面的small cars，还是将现在的该小车和其他时候的该小车做比较。at any time没有剔除掉today的时间点。they是同物指代，指代的就是前面出现的东西
C. right，those是同类指代，指代的是同类的small cars。
D. more fuel-efficient small cars有歧义，到底是更多的省油车还是更省油的车？their可能指代manufacturers也可能指代small cars
E. more fuel-efficient small cars有歧义，到底是更多的省油车还是更省油的车？at any time没有剔除today的时间点
1. ABC的in addition to and besides 都是介词用法，后面接名词或者名词成分，例如动名词和从句。最大的错误是两个用语后面的名词成分都必须在句子中与一个成份形成实际意义上的语义逻辑上的平行关系。而ABC里的possibility在后面句子中找不到对应的词。
2. ABC的It指代问题，应该是leaves，复数
3. D and E, D的possible ＋动名词 preventing and inhibiting没有E的possibly preventing or inhibiting好，原因有二，一是 D中and不如E中or在语义逻辑上更准确。Ron说这两个词是mutually exclusive，不可能用and同时发生，肯定是or。同理还有一个句子里有damage and destroy，也是应该用OR，而不能用and；二是 D中possible修饰preventing 以及inhibiting，应该用副词形式修饰这两个动作。若用形容词的possible，就用prevention更合适。
Since it has become known that several of a bank’s top executives have been buying shares in their own bank （evidence 1）, the bank’s depositors, who had been worried by rumors that the bank faced impending fi nancial collapse, have been greatly relieved. They reason that, since top executives evidently have faith in the bank’s fi nancial soundness, those worrisome rumors must be false. (conclusion 1) Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic(conclusion 2), however, since corporate executives have been known to buy shares in their own company in a calculated attempt to dispel negative rumors about the company’s health （evidence 2）.
选项A：
The illegal lobster harvesting was 【not 否定】 so extensive that the 【population总数量】 of catchable lobsters in Belukia's territorial waters had sharply declined by 1996. 非法捕捞龙虾并没有那么密集，以至于到 1996 年，Belukia 领海中可捕捞的龙虾数量急剧下降。
A 说并没有因为大量非法捕捞而导致总↓数量减少，---这就奠定了一个数量不变的基础，正确。
思路1：取非：密集地非法捕捞龙虾→虾的总数减少→合法捕捞 + 非法捕捞的数量都减少了→非法捕捞的数量就不是9000，削弱了结论
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sth be among sth,位于……中，是……之一，如：
He's among friends now. 他现在被朋友们环绕着。
A British woman was among the survivors. 幸存者中有一位英国妇女
He was among the last to leave. 他是最后离开者之一。
She was among the best writers in American during 20th .她是20世纪美国最棒的作家之一。
本题，the thread and the decline are among the challenges.表示“威胁和下降是挑战之二”。
A，the declining sales核心词是sales，挑战包括对手的威胁以及收入，错误，是收入的下降
D，倒装形式的独立主格结构，实际上是the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of the company’s powerful microprocessor chip among them,倒装可以避免头重脚轻，更重要的是among them中的them离其指代对象challenges更近。