题目释义: In 1914 a total of 469,000* cars and trucks were……, but in 1929 almost twice that number* of trucks alone …….
1914年cars和trucks共制造了469000辆,而在1929年仅trucks单独就有原来总数两倍那么多从组装线上下线。
考点:
1. twice只能作副词, 在句子中表达的意思却是比较, 这样的题目, 首先要弄清楚比较的双方是否合理, 如果合理的话, 再看twice作为副词的位置:
可以用在as..as或比较级之前, 也可以放在比较点的名词之 前, 担要保证twice前后的词要能直接搭配(副词的作用).
eg: He is twice the man he was. = He has twice the strength he had =He is twice as strong as he was.
2. Number的用法: a number of(大量的), the number of(……的数量), numbers of (许多)。
选项分析:
A. the numbers错误, twice后面要跟单数的number,即twice the number;但是改为the number后,指代特定的数字还是用that number更为明确
B. Correct; that number指代前面总和的469000,如果是the number,没有指代对象,似乎说是the number of trucks
C. the number指代不清; by themselves是指卡车出售时没有附带配件,即单车出售,与alone意思并不相 同。
D. 用as many trucks时,整个句子的意思是“1914年汽车和卡车一共生产了469,000辆,而1929年两倍的车下了生产线”,句子前后并没有直接逻辑联系,前面句子并没有讲卡车有多少辆;
trucks themselves 这样的结构(X itself)中, themselves反身代词是对trucks的同位语,表示强调是trucks而已,我们往往可以看作没有反身代词,就如同同位语往往与句子主成份无关一样。
E. as many trucks错误同D; by themselves错误同C
【That】 some fraternal twins resemble* each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar 【highlights】 an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs,【namely that】 they vary* considerably on a spectrum of genetic relatedness.
一些异卵双胞胎彼此非常相似,而另一些看起来非常不同,这突出了异卵双胞胎的一个有趣且经常被忽视的特征,即它们在遗传相关性范围内差异很大。
题目释义: That……highlights……, namely that……
1. one与another搭配; some和others搭配; each和the other搭配; each other和others搭配
2. namely的用法十分灵活:(=that is to say, along with) . 它是副词,后面不能直接加句子
(1)补充说明前面离它最近的名词成分; e.g.: The other change, namely the increase in electronic equipment, has slowed down.
(2)补充说明句子主语; e.g.: One group of people seems to be forgotten, namely pensioners.
(3) namely后面跟从句解释前面的名词成分; e.g.: On the next trip, I solved part of the problem, but after discussing the situation with AB on the phone an alternative solution was at hand; namely, that from 1987 onwards I would spend my winters playing for Queensland.
A. the fact后面用of无法完全解释fact的内容,应该用that引导的同位语从句,来说明twins发生了什么fact;
namely是副词,后面直接加句子错,应该加上连词that;
C. It无所指; some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly和others looking quite dissimilar是成对比的两样事物,应该用while连接更好;
with独立主格的逻辑主语错误; variation与feature并不对等,因此namely无补充说明对象。
D. It指代正确,因为是结构it is a fact that结构的一部分,强调句; a fact无所指; with独立主格错误同C;namely无补充说明对象。
E. Because引导的是原因状语从句,而并不是名词性从句,使得this fact无所指; namely后应该加上that。
There are no legal limits, as there are for cod and haddock, on the size of monkfish that can be caught, a circumstance that contributes to their depletion through overfishing.
与鳕鱼和黑线鳕一样,对于可以捕获的安康鱼的大小没有法律限制,这种情况会导致它们因过度捕捞而枯竭。
题目释义: There are……, as there are……, a circumstance that……
没有像鳕鱼和黑线鳕鱼那样有关于捕捞尺寸的法律保护是安康鱼被过度捕捞的原因之一
考点:
1. like/unlike A, S.V.O. 中S与A一定要可比,绝对对称。
2. which/it不能指代一句话,常用同位结构进行替换,例如可以使用discovery/fact等名词总结一句话
3. limit的固定搭配:
n. : limit on sth.; limit to do sth. limit for sb./sth.
Although 【she】 had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, 【Barbara Jordan】 did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the 【hearings】 on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, 【which】 were televised nationwide.
尽管芭芭拉·乔丹先是在得克萨斯州参议院,后来在美国众议院被认为是一位有效的立法者,但直到 1974 年她参加 全国电视转播的 弹劾理查德·尼克松总统的听证会时,她才成为全国公认的人物。
题目释义: Although she had been known……, Barbara Jordan did not……, when she……
考点:
1. then与later用词重复
2. 定语从句可以根据动词的单复数形式来实现跳跃修饰,使句子符合逻辑 此处的impeachment 是一种法律程序,
impeach的英文解释为: If a government official is impeached, they are formally charged with a serious crime in a special government court:
e.g.: The governor was impeached for using state funds improperly.
因此电视直播的只能是有关这一法律程序的听证会,所以which从句只能修饰hearings,而不是这一法律程序本身。
3. 主从句对位指代:如果主从句主语相同,那么当主句在前时,主句主语要用名词,从句主语要用代词;
当从句在前是,从句主语可以用名词也可以用代词,当从句主语用代词时,主句要用名词,当从句主语用名词时,主句主语用代词指代从句主语。
选项分析:
A. 打破主从句对位指代规则,句式awkward——即she为although引导的让步状语从句的主语,那么最好主语一开头就是she所指代的对象,也就是Barbara Jordan,而不是not until;
she made a nationally recognized figure较口语化,用become更好; hearings是复数,不能用it指代。
B. Correct;句式简洁明确,层层递进(很明显的正确选项特征),且符合主从句对位指代规则。
C. 主句主语用Barbara Jordan比较好; with引导的独立主格做伴随逻辑意思不合理;
定语从句的谓语动词 was主谓不一致,应该用were。
D. 主句主语用Barbara Jordan比较好;
then与later用词重复;用as来引导伴随状语逻辑含义不合理;
being 做伴随状语,其逻辑主语是she,逻辑含义错误。
E. 错误同DC
Trans World Entertainment Corporation, which owns the Record Town and Saturday Matinee retail chains, announced it was closing up to one fourth of its stores because of poor sales
拥有 Record Town 和 Saturday Matinee 零售连锁店的 Trans World Entertainment Corporation 宣布,由于销售不佳,将关闭多达四分之一的门店
A. 时态错误, TWEC announced that since sales……are poor, they will…, announced与are, will时态不一致;
此外, they在语法上可以指代sales,但是在逻辑上应该指代its stores,存在歧义,不正确。
B.时态错误,同A。首先,在此which只有指代了前面整句逻辑才合理,但which在GMAT里面无法指代前面整句。
其次即便which能指代前面整句, which account for:说明(解释) …的原因,此处将句意变为了“关门是poor sales的原因”,所以不正确。
C. Correct;如果宾语从句引导词that不补出,依然能使正常读者清晰断句,且announce后面常常不补出。
D. announce to do是错的,正确用法是announce sth.或者announce+从句; (on account of是否可用,仍待GMAT另外说明,从未在正确句子中出现过) 。
E. announce having poor sales累赘(having是一个动名词gerund), unidiomatic;
will时态错误,同A; suchthat用法错误。
Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886, outnumber her letters to anyone else.
艾米莉·狄金森写给苏珊·亨廷顿·狄金森的信,写于苏珊与艾米莉的弟弟结婚前几年,结束于艾米莉于 1886 年去世前不久,写给苏珊·亨廷顿·狄金森的信件数量超过了她写给其他任何人的信件。
题目释义: Emily Dickinson’s letters, which..., outnumber
A. 本选项语法上没有错误,但是逻辑上不正确: outnumbering做结果状语,而outnumbering和前面的were written并没有直接因果关系, were written和outnumber是两件完全独立、不相关的事情,所以彼此之 间不应该有修饰关系
(D) that可能指代method或mineral(根据逻辑含义选择指代对象), 但修饰method和mineral句子逻辑意思都不对
When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but there are fewer than one-quarter as many.
在 1950 年代后期,当免下车进入最流行的时候,美国大约有 4,000 辆,但只有不到四分之一。
as many :同样数量的
如:twice as many, one-quarter as many,We visited five countries in as many days。
B. and后面的it指代barge错误, barge不能造成污染,而是撞击并泄露的事才造成污染,所以and两边的逻辑并列关系不成立。
In January 1994 an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting the city's beaches.
1994 年 1 月,一艘油驳船在波多黎各圣胡安海岸搁浅,其 750,000 加仑的货物泄漏到海洋中,污染了该市的海滩。
因为这药的level so low 并且已经存在很多年
所以不会对人们的健康造成危害。
加强:
level so low,存在很多年与健康的关系/ 其他因素对健康影响
Generally, deer ticks* pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage by 【feeding on infected white-footed mice】. 吃含菌食物
However, certain【 other species 】on which the 【larvae* feed】 do not harbor the bacterium. 吃不含菌食物
If the population of 【these other species 多吃不含菌食物】were increased, more of the larvae would be feeding on uninfected hosts,
结论:so the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium would likely decline. 含菌的虱子数量下降
Whether the size of the 【deer tick】 population is 【currently limited by the availability of animals 】for the tick's 【larval】 stage to 【feed on】.
是否限制幼虫可食用的动物
逻辑链:不刊登稀有野花的文章(措施)→阻止野花的数量的减少(目的)
答案:卖植物的钱用来研究廉价的给野花授粉技术
削弱:其他因素阻碍目的达成。即:不刊登这类文章就没有卖植物的钱,也就失去授粉技术的资金,野花的数量还是会减少。
统计枚举推理: CQ1样本代表性
有电脑的人( people who own computers)都比没有电脑的人要少看电视。
然而,这一发现几乎没有表明 使用电脑会减少看电视的时间,因为____有电脑的人(computer owners )大部分∈很少看电视的人群______。
computer owners in the United States predominantly(大多数) belong to demographic groups that have long been known to spend less time watching television than the population as a whole does.
注意限定词:原文 domestic sheep(圈养的羊↑) ←反面 → 选项 wild animals(野生的动物↓)
P: 政府奖励猎人杀狼,狼变少了。
C: Yet wolf attacks on 【(domestic) sheep】 increased significantly.
但是,狼却更多的攻击(圈养的)羊了。
After 1910 hunters shot and wounded a substantial number of wolves, thereby greatly diminishing these wolves' ability to prey on【 wild animals 】
1910年以后,猎手们弄的很多狼都受了伤,因此大幅减少了狼捕食野生动物的能力。
本选项给出了“杀狼”之后可能带来的一个后果,即,狼不再有能力捕食野生动物,转而更多的捕食羊了。
Deborah Sampson 【joined】 the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, 【was injured】 three times, and 【was discharged】 in 1783 because she 【had become】 too ill to serve.
德博拉·桑普森 1782 年 22 岁时【加入】大陆军,3 次【受伤】,1783 年【出院】,因为她【病得】无法服役。
【had become】表明了she become too ill to serve 是发生在was discharged in 1783之前
The 【discovery】 of twenty-one ceramic dog figurines during the 【excavation】 of a 1,000-year-old Hohokam village in Tempe, Arizona, 【has】 nearly doubled the number of these artifacts known to exist.
在亚利桑那州坦佩市一个有 1000 年历史的 Hohokam 村庄的挖掘过程中发现了 21 个陶瓷狗雕像,使已知存在的这些文物的数量
发出两倍这个动作的只能是“发现”这个事件,不能是figurines本身
Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times,
and because of the economy's continued strength, analysts 【have been predicting for weeks】 that the target 【will】 be raised again in November.
自 2 月以来,美联储已五次上调短期利率目标,
由于经济持续走强,分析师【数周以来一直预测】该目标将在 11 月再次上调。
时态上, for weeks, for有持续的含义,所以用现在完成时正确;
同时, since February. the Fed连续5次加息,那么在这持续加息的日子中分析家也就持续predicting,所以完成进行时正确。
Predict是要搭配will的,不同于expect to do。除了用在过去时态中, would用在虚拟里(与现实相反),不用在肯定语境中。
Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs (that are essentially wheel-like) with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from the hub.
像 argiope 这样的圆球编织蜘蛛构建的网基本上是轮状的,有一个外缘和一些从轮毂发出的辐条。
这题答案为啥不一致呢,为啥不是C呢?
【So】 dogged were Frances Perkins' investigations of the garment industry, 【so】 persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, 【that】Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker.
弗朗西丝·珀金斯 (Frances Perkins) 对服装业的调查如此顽固,她如此执着地游说工资和工时改革,以至于阿尔弗雷德·E·史密斯 (Alfred E. Smith) 和富兰克林·D·罗斯福 (Franklin D. Roosevelt) 招募珀金斯在政府部门工作,而不是作为一名社会工作者。