In no other historical sighting did Halley's comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910–1911.
历史上没有哪次哈雷彗星回归造成了跟1910-1911回归的这样的世界性范围的轰动。
an event of + 年份,正确表达
C. (√)状语对比
In no other historical sighting did Halley's comet cause such a worldwide sensation
还原后应该是Halley's comet caused such a worldwide sensation in no other historical sighting...
as后面应该是(Halley's comet caused such a worldwide sensation) in its return of 1910–1911
由于as后面的前半大部分都是重复的,因此可以被省略掉
its return of 1910-1911:它在1910-1911的回归,介词用of很常见,当然用in也可以
A. 比较双方不对等: HC和its return
B. 比较双方不对等: HC和its return; 助动词had错误,要用一般过去时
D. 比较双方不对等: HC和its return
E. 比较对象不对等:介词短语In no other historical sighting和名词短语its return in 1910–1911对比
A. so it would be里的it指代歧义,本身应指代the largest telephone company,但是这里指代了主语a government advisory committee,错误
Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, is an 【especially】 serious pollutant because it diminishes 【the respiratory system's ability to deal with all other pollutants】.
二氧化硫是酸雨的主要贡献者,是一种特别严重的污染物,因为它会降低呼吸系统处理所有其他污染物的能力。
1. capability to do(√); capability of/in doing(×);
2. capable of doing (√)
3. sb's ability to do sth (√),ability of sb/sth to do sth (√)
4. capability to do不如ability to do简洁,但不可就此判错。
especially强调严重性的程度, specially强调特殊性
A. that跟在expectations后面表示具体内容; expectations的内容没有实现,不能用过去时; that没有指代。
B. correct; Would在这里表示expectation的内容没有实现。
C. 整个句式awkward, that为同位语从句引导词与of平行共同修饰expectations, 其实没有必要先说一遍
topic再接着详述,像B一样直接详述即可; doubled时态错误
D. Of短语无法明确表明expectations的核心内容,应该用同位语从句
E. 句式awkward错误同C
Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter 【would more than double】 the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.
8 月份零售额增长 0.8%,增幅为 1%,强化了对 7 月至 9 月当季个人支出将比上一季度 1.4% 的增长率增加一倍以上的预期。
选项C(√)
Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power,--主谓宾
whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany.--主谓宾
法国 75% 以上的能源来自核能,而核能仅占德国能源的 33% 以上
选项D(×)
Over 75 percent of 【the energy】 produced in France derives from nuclear power,
whereas just over 33 percent of 【the (×)energy ∵不是同个energy】 comes from nuclear power 【in Germany(×)位置不对,应该在energy后面】.
the energy前的定冠词the表示这个energy指代前面出现过的energy,即,生产于法国的核能,in Germany位置变成了修饰nuclear power,这句话的意思变成了“在法国,超过33%的能量来自于德国生产的核能”,失去了比较的意义
P:合法捕虾不变,但96年比92年少捕了9000吨虾
C:就是非法捕虾捕走了这9000吨
Assumption:总捕虾数量不变。如果总虾数都减少了的话,不就不能支持那9000是被非法捕走。
选项A:
The illegal lobster harvesting was 【not 否定】 so extensive that the 【population总数量】 of catchable lobsters in Belukia's territorial waters had sharply declined by 1996. 非法捕捞龙虾并没有那么密集,以至于到 1996 年,Belukia 领海中可捕捞的龙虾数量急剧下降。
A 说并没有因为大量非法捕捞而导致总↓数量减少,---这就奠定了一个数量不变的基础,正确。
思路1:取非:密集地非法捕捞龙虾→虾的总数减少→合法捕捞 + 非法捕捞的数量都减少了→非法捕捞的数量就不是9000,削弱了结论
【Were it not 虚拟语气】for the fusion-powered heat and radiation that rush from its* core, 【a star 主语 】would collapse under its own weight
要不是核聚变产生的热量和辐射从它的核心涌出,【一颗恒星】会在自身重量下坍塌
A. 前面it指代后面主句的主语,成了指代its own weight,错误;这样的虚拟语气句子, 主句必须一开头就 是主语,而不能是连词、副词,因此instead错误; its指代不清
B. Instead错误同A;本句子描述的是当下的一个假设情形下的一个假设结果,要用现在时态,用would have collapsed表示了“与过去相反(也就是表示过去没崩溃)”不对。
C. Would have to be collapsing是很混乱的时态; would have to是不很肯定的语气,其表达的是have to do 的内容只是一个假设,并不是真的“必须”,而have to表达的意思是,要做的事情非常重要,“必须” 去做
D. correct
E. it指代了its own weight,错误; its指代不清; would have caused错误同B。
more babies were born to women over the age of thirty
than (babies were born to women省略相同的S+V) under it(指代the age of thirty)
According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it.
据公共卫生官员称,1998 年,马萨诸塞州成为第一个 30 岁以上女性所生婴儿多于 30 岁以下女性(所生婴儿)的州。
A. correct; than后面省略了babies born to women; 因为under与over的平行, it明确指代the age of thirty.(换句话说, 有了Under就能知道than后面省略的是women了,不用像C补出they were了)
B. under it修饰了born,逻辑意思荒谬:孩子们生下来时小于30岁。
C. 根据比较的平行 they 指代 babies,但仅补出 they were 使得 were 是助动词还是系动词不清楚,系动词 的话, under it 修饰了 they,逻辑错误,助动词的话, they were 累赘。
(they 仅指向 babies 而不是指 向 30 岁以上母亲剩下的 babies,类似的例子如: In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater
respect than they are in most Western countries.they 不是指代 Japan 的老年人,而是就老年人)
D. had时态错误,比较双方是同时发生的,应该都用一般过去时; there无并列对象。
E. had时态错误同D
A new hair-growth drug is being sold for three times the |price(, per milligram, 插入语)【that the drug's maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient--定语从句修饰price 】|.
一种新的生发药物的售价是【该药物制造商对另一种具有相同活性成分的产品收取的】每毫克价格的三倍。
选项D(×): the price + of what (=the price 冗余)that the drug's maker charges
charge $ for sth.: 比如charge ¥3 for the pen,
charge for sth:就某物收费的意思(不说到底收多少),如:Do you think museums should charge for admission? 你认为博物馆应该收入场费吗?
选项A(√)
Concerns about public health led to the construction 【between 1876 and 1904 --就近修饰construction】of three separate sewer systems to serve metropolitan Boston.
出于对公共卫生的担忧,三个独立的下水道系统在【1876 年至 1904 年间】的建设,为波士顿大都市提供服务。
通过年份判断,那么18XX年科技有限,28年的时间应该是用来修建水道,而水道不止服役28年。
选项B (×)
Concerns about public health 【have led (×)】to the construction of three separate sewer systems 【between 1876 and 1904 (×)】 to serve metropolitan Boston.
lead发生在过去,不应该用现在时态(现在完成时) ; have lead表示了concern至今依然持续;
Between 1876 and 1904:就近修饰sewer systems ,改变修饰对象有修饰systems的歧义,意思变成了systems只有在1876和1904年之间存在
A mixture of poems and short fiction, 【Jean Toomer's Cane】 has been called one of the three best 【novels】 ever written by a Black American—the others being 【Richard Wright's Native Son】 and 【Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man】
《让·图默的手杖》作为诗歌和短篇小说的结合体,被称为美国黑人写过的三部最好的【小说】之一——另外两个是【理查德·赖特的《土生土长的儿子》】和【拉尔夫·埃里森的《隐形人》】
Prospecting for gold during the California gold rush was a relatively easy task, 【since 】erosion*, prehistoric glacier movement*, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds* (thrust to the surface by volcanic activity)【put 】gold literally 【within reach of】 anybody with a pan or shovel.
在加利福尼亚淘金热期间寻找黄金是一件相对容易的事情,【因为】侵蚀、史前冰川运动、(被火山运动推到地表来的)古老的产金河床,使任何人用平底锅或铲子都可以【接触到】黄金。
reach for sth.:伸手抓某物;
reach of sb.:在某人能触及到的范围内--【within reach of】 anybody
erosion 抽, prehistoric glacier movement 抽 , & ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds实
三者并列没有问题,因为都可以发出put这一动作,虽然前两个是抽象性名词,后者是具体的实物名词,但功能相同,可以并列。
thrust在此为过去分词,修饰 reiverbed
【The Acoma and Hopi 】are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, 【both dating】 back at least a thousand years.
【阿科马人和霍皮人】可能是现存最古老的两个普韦布洛社区,【这两种人都可以追溯到】至少一千年。
Aboth dating不是伴随状语,而是独立主格,在此表示补充说明,与each型独立主格同一原理
B. both of 【which(×) 远距离跳跃修饰】 have dated
C. 【and (×)修饰改成了并列】each has dated
因为店员不以价值为收入去让你买电脑
所以你买的电脑满足你的需要。
反驳:
X对Y的关系虚弱/ 或者Z 对Y 的影响
那些电脑都不是基础款的电脑。
题目所有被取消的都是被认定为浪费的项目。但不是所有被认为是浪费的项目都被取消了。而且被认为是浪费的项目的数量在总统和反对党区域的分部情况是未知的,trick就在这里。
是否公平要看canceled project/wasteful project,这个值越大就越不公平。
例如,总共被认为浪费的是20个项目,其中只有10个在反对党,但取消了9个。另外10个在总统区,但只取消了1个。这就很不公平。
A(×)
【Canceling highway projects(×)因为原文说90% 的被取消项目都属于浪费,没有说全部cancel】 was not the only way for the president to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.
取消高速公路项目并不是总统惩罚反对党控制的立法区的唯一方法。
B(√)
The scheduled 【 highway projects identified as wasteful】 in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the president's party.
报告中确定为浪费的计划中的高速公路项目主要不是总统党控制的地区的项目。
P2: the hull in two pieces lying close together.
船体分成两片,靠得很近。
P2: ∵ The【 storm】's violent waves 【would have 猜测】caused separate pieces floating even briefly on the surface to 【drift apart】.
因为【风暴】的猛烈海浪→ 即使是短暂地漂浮在表面上的碎片也会分开。(P2(风暴分开了船体的碎片的原因)和P1(船体没分开的事实)是相反的)
C:Therefore, the breakup of the hull can be ruled out as the cause of the sinking.
因此,可以排除船体破裂是沉没的原因。
assumption
选项B(√)
Underwater currents at the time of the【storm】 did 【not否定】 move the separated pieces of the hull together 【again】.
【风暴】发生时的水下水流并没有将分离的船体再次移动在一起。
取非后:【风暴】发生时的水下水流并将分离的船体再次移动在一起(imagine that 杠精说:谁告诉你风暴只能分开船体,今天让我告诉你“风暴也可以把船体靠在一起,看!就是因为船体破裂后,船才沉没,船体的碎片就算一开始被风暴吹风开,但后来风暴又把碎片吹回到了一起”,所以不可能排除船体破裂是沉船的原因)
原文的第二个facts:
The area to be 【policed 】and the number and length of the 【water lines to be maintained】, however, 【do not decrease没有恶化】.
治安范围和要维护的水线数量和长度,但【不减少】。
归纳推理题
选项A(√)
If, in a city with sharply declining population, police protection and water line maintenance 【do not deteriorate 和原文的facts(do not decrease)一致】, some other service previously provided by the city will deteriorate or be eliminated.
如果在一个人口急剧减少的城市,警察保护和水线维护不恶化,那么该城市以前提供的一些其他服务就会恶化或被淘汰。
选项C(×)
If a city's population declines sharply, police protection and water line maintenance are the services that 【deteriorate (×),原文说了没有恶化】most immediately and most markedly.
如果一个城市的人口急剧下降,警察保护和水线维护是最直接和最明显恶化的服务。
P1: In a study conducted in Canada, servers in various restaurants wrote "Thank you" on 【randomly随机 】selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers.
在加拿大进行的一项研究中,多家餐厅的服务员在向顾客出示账单之前,在【随机】选定的账单上写下“谢谢”。
P2: Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points 【higher】 than tips on bills 【without the message --没有信息→小费少】.
这些账单上的小费比【没有信息】的账单上的小费平均高出三个百分点。
C: Therefore, if servers in Canada regularly wrote "Thank you" on restaurant their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
因此,如果加拿大的服务员经常在餐厅写“谢谢”,他们从小费中获得的平均收入将明显高于其他情况。
问题:assumption
思路1
【Regularly经常】 seeing "Thank you" written on their bills 【would not 否定词】lead restaurant patrons to revert to their 【earlier tipping habits--之前给小费的习惯=小费少】.
【经常】看到账单上写着“谢谢”【不会】导致餐厅顾客恢复他们之前的小费习惯。
在账单上看到thank you看多了以后,顾客给小费的习惯会退回到之前的习惯,少给小费,所以服务员收到的消费就少了。(取反之后,得出的新结论和原文结论相反,所以削弱原结论)
思路2:
类比推理:A, randomy write thank you; B, regularly write thank you.
如果A, B确定是相似的,A的性质(customers tip higher)就能推给B。
所以选项应该strenthen二者相似,即 regularly write thank you 也不会让顾客改变tip habit (就像他们randomly看到thankyou一样)
排列 不相邻 插缝法 先拍其他的
其他的四个字母A(4,4);
有5个空;
C插孔 要用C(m,n)[因为这两个字母一样不存在排列问题,用组合] C(5,2)
A(4,4)C(5,2)
Researchers agreed【that】 the study of new treatments for heart attack patients was extremely important but 【that】more research was needed to determine 【whether 】balloon angioplasty preceded by ultrasound is any better for heart attack patients than the balloon procedure by itself.
研究人员一致认为,对心脏病发作患者的新治疗方法的研究非常重要,但需要更多的研究来确定超声之前的球囊血管成形术是否比球囊手术本身对心脏病发作患者更好。
agree that…but that…,宾语从句的平行that不能省,使句子更加清晰
whether or not的使用:
在引导宾从的时候只能够用whether,而不能加or not,否则累赘;
在引导状从的时候必须加上or not,即whether or not。
determine的内容如果现在还未最终决定下来时, is用现在时成立